<p>Natural and human-made hazards pose significant risks to bridges, disrupting transportation systems and causing severe economic and social impacts. Earthquakes and blasts are particularly critical in evaluating long-term bridge resilience. Current resilience assessment methods, however, focus primarily on single and deterministic hazards, neglecting the uncertainty associated with hazard randomness, hazard interrelationship, structural robustness, and variability in restoration. This can underestimate risks and lead to structural failures, highlighting a critical knowledge gap. This paper proposes a novel approach to assess bridge resilience under multi-hazards, specifically earthquakes and blasts. The approach incorporates underexplored uncertainties, accounts for damage accumulation through state-dependent fragility, and introduces the resilience quantification probabilistically. An illustrative case study demonstrates its application, showing that hazard randomness, particularly the sequence and timing of sequential hazards during restoration, significantly influences bridge resilience. The findings emphasize the importance of detailed and probabilistic consideration of hazard randomness and interrelationship in the multi-hazard context. The proposed approach has the potential for broader application to other hazard types and structural systems, addressing an urgent need for resilience assessment in infrastructure systems subjected to multiple hazards.</p>