<p>Asphalt mixtures are complex and heterogeneous materials whose performance is governed by their intricate mesostructure and multiphase interactions. Three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation has emerged as a powerful tool for evaluating the structure and mechanical response of asphalt mixtures. This paper synthesizes recent advances in 3D mesoscopic simulation of asphalt mixtures, distinguishing the distinctions and benefits of image-based and user-defined 3D model generation techniques. This paper identifies the important parameters that affect the reliability of 3D models, encompassing aggregate parameters, asphalt mortar parameters and air void parameters. Furthermore, it outlines the advantages and disadvantages of mainstream 3D simulation methods for asphalt mixtures, along with recent developments in multi-method coupled 3D simulation. Finally, the process and challenges of model validation are discussed. Future research should focus on the precise characterization of aggregate size, morphology, and aggregate-aggregate contact models. The development of reusable digital aggregate libraries is essential to enhance the realism and efficiency of 3D model generation. Improvements in coupled simulation techniques are also needed to ensure interface data consistency and force-displacement synchronization. Moreover, researchers should provide more comprehensive documentation of parameter calibration and iterative optimization processes.</p>