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<p>Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), a versatile chemical with critical applications in sterilization, wastewater treatment, and chemical synthesis, is conventionally produced via the anthraquinone process. However, this approach entails significant safety risks. Electrochemical <i>in situ</i> H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e<sup>−</sup> ORR) has emerged as a sustainable and inherently safe alternative and has attracted increasing interest from both scientific research and industry. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in various electrocatalysts for 2e<sup>−</sup> ORR-based hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) production, with a focus on key determinants of activity and selectivity. Catalyst classification, structural design strategies, electronic property modulation, reaction mechanism insights, and optimal operating conditions are examined to guide enhanced H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> yield. It is anticipated that this comprehensive analysis will provide a foundational framework for future novel catalyst optimization efforts, ultimately advancing the efficiency, selectivity and stability of electrochemical H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> synthesis.</p>

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Advances in electrocatalysts for the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction to produce hydrogen peroxide

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月30日

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  • Qianqian Xu,
  • Xuying Li,
  • Wenli Xiu,
  • Ling Meng,
  • Chunli Li,
  • Yongjun Feng

摘要

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a versatile chemical with critical applications in sterilization, wastewater treatment, and chemical synthesis, is conventionally produced via the anthraquinone process. However, this approach entails significant safety risks. Electrochemical in situ H2O2 production via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) has emerged as a sustainable and inherently safe alternative and has attracted increasing interest from both scientific research and industry. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in various electrocatalysts for 2e− ORR-based hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, with a focus on key determinants of activity and selectivity. Catalyst classification, structural design strategies, electronic property modulation, reaction mechanism insights, and optimal operating conditions are examined to guide enhanced H2O2 yield. It is anticipated that this comprehensive analysis will provide a foundational framework for future novel catalyst optimization efforts, ultimately advancing the efficiency, selectivity and stability of electrochemical H2O2 synthesis.