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<p>Silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>) aerogels have excellent physical and thermal properties with high-performance and broad application prospects. In order to obtain SiO<sub>2</sub> aerogels with high thermal insulation performance and explore key process parameters of their preparation, SiO<sub>2</sub> aerogels were prepared via combining sol–gel and freeze-drying processes using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the precursor. Effects of the pH value and the content of deionized water (DIW) on the microstructures and thermal properties of the SiO<sub>2</sub> aerogel were systematically investigated. Results showed that when the pH was 8.0 and the molar ratio of TEOS to DIW was 1:7, the SiO<sub>2</sub> aerogel had the best structure and the lowest thermal conductivity, exhibiting the best thermal insulation effect. In addition, the synthesis mechanism of such sol–gel freeze-dried SiO<sub>2</sub> aerogels was analyzed in depth, and the structural evolution process was also described. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the controllable preparation and process design of SiO<sub>2</sub> aerogels in the future, and has certain guiding significance for promoting their application in the field of efficient thermal insulation.</p>

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Preparation and synthesis mechanism of highly efficient thermal insulation SiO2 aerogels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月2日

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  • Wenyue Jiang,
  • Xue Yang,
  • M. D. Mahbubur Rahman,
  • Tong Weng

摘要

Silica (SiO2) aerogels have excellent physical and thermal properties with high-performance and broad application prospects. In order to obtain SiO2 aerogels with high thermal insulation performance and explore key process parameters of their preparation, SiO2 aerogels were prepared via combining sol–gel and freeze-drying processes using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the precursor. Effects of the pH value and the content of deionized water (DIW) on the microstructures and thermal properties of the SiO2 aerogel were systematically investigated. Results showed that when the pH was 8.0 and the molar ratio of TEOS to DIW was 1:7, the SiO2 aerogel had the best structure and the lowest thermal conductivity, exhibiting the best thermal insulation effect. In addition, the synthesis mechanism of such sol–gel freeze-dried SiO2 aerogels was analyzed in depth, and the structural evolution process was also described. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the controllable preparation and process design of SiO2 aerogels in the future, and has certain guiding significance for promoting their application in the field of efficient thermal insulation.