<p>This study aims to analyze and describe robotic assisted surgery approach in colorectal cancer therapy and evaluate its effectiveness in comparison to the laparoscopic approach. Apart from assessing surgical metrics, such as intraoperative precision and complication rates, the study also explores broader aspects, including the impact on patients’ quality of life, the frequency of conversions to open surgery, and the oncological quality of resections. By incorporating these complementary factors, the analysis provides a comprehensive perspective on the role of robotic surgery in colorectal cancer treatment. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to January 30, 2026. All records were imported into Mendeley, and duplicates were removed. Among the1,384 identified publications, 17 met the eligibility criteria. Robotic colorectal surgery (RCS) demonstrated superior intraoperative control, lower conversion rates, and enhanced lymphadenectomy precision, though with longer operative times and higher procedural costs compared to laparoscopic surgery (LS). Complication rates were generally lower in the robotic surgery (RS) group, particularly in major (Clavien–Dindo III–V) complications and anastomotic leaks. Patient-related metrics, such as pain scores, bowel function recovery, and hospital stay, consistently favored RS. Robotic-assisted surgery offers perioperative and functional benefits for patients with CRC, especially in anatomically challenging cases. While its superiority in long-term oncological outcomes remains inconclusive, when combined with advances in molecular therapy, RS may contribute to a more individualized and effective treatment paradigm.</p>