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<p>Method: A literature search was conducted across three databases using terms: robot* AND simulat* AND thora* OR chest* from January 2010 to December 2025. Themes regarding development of a robotic surgical program were identified. The papers were critically appraised and scored using the MMERSQI tool. Results: Out of 455 articles, 24 full-text articles were reviewed, and ten included in the final review. Three themes emerged: competency assessment, skills development, and MDT education. Studies indicated minimally invasive surgery skills can predict robotic skill acquisition. There is conflicting evidence on whether simulation sets a benchmark for competency or enhances surgical skills. Translation of improvements from simulation to clinical practice remains unclear. Simulation was also highlighted as a method to ensure team members develop together and offer organisations learning opportunities. Conclusion: Recommendations on incorporating simulation into a RATS program include: prioritize surgeons experienced in minimally invasive techniques for early introduction to RATS via simulation; avoid using simulation benchmarking as the sole marker of competence; use virtual simulation-based learning for familiarity with robotic systems but do not accept it as surgical experience for certification; and emphasize MDT simulation for improved teamwork and organizational learning.</p>

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Simulation in robotic-assisted thoracic surgery: a systematic review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Hasanali David Walji,
  • Pablo Gomes-da Silva de Rosenzweig,
  • Hannah Jesani,
  • Antonio Martin-Ucar,
  • Luis Hernandez-Arenas

摘要

Method: A literature search was conducted across three databases using terms: robot* AND simulat* AND thora* OR chest* from January 2010 to December 2025. Themes regarding development of a robotic surgical program were identified. The papers were critically appraised and scored using the MMERSQI tool. Results: Out of 455 articles, 24 full-text articles were reviewed, and ten included in the final review. Three themes emerged: competency assessment, skills development, and MDT education. Studies indicated minimally invasive surgery skills can predict robotic skill acquisition. There is conflicting evidence on whether simulation sets a benchmark for competency or enhances surgical skills. Translation of improvements from simulation to clinical practice remains unclear. Simulation was also highlighted as a method to ensure team members develop together and offer organisations learning opportunities. Conclusion: Recommendations on incorporating simulation into a RATS program include: prioritize surgeons experienced in minimally invasive techniques for early introduction to RATS via simulation; avoid using simulation benchmarking as the sole marker of competence; use virtual simulation-based learning for familiarity with robotic systems but do not accept it as surgical experience for certification; and emphasize MDT simulation for improved teamwork and organizational learning.