<p>Robot-assisted surgery provides important support for the treatment of gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) with its minimally invasive advantages. Through a systematic analysis of 188 clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, this study aims to synthesize the research landscape in the field, identify evidence gaps, and provide a basis for optimizing clinical practice and guiding the design of future clinical trials. The analysis of 71 interventional trials with robotic surgery as the core intervention shows that the research activity has increased significantly after 2020. China is the main contributor (64.79%), but the international cooperation rate is only 5.63%. The trials was mainly sponsored by organizations (53.52%, <i>n</i> = 38) and universities (32.39%, <i>n</i> = 23). More than half of the trials (53.52%, <i>n</i> = 38) compared robotic surgery with laparoscopic surgery, and the Da Vinci surgical system is the most commonly used platform (<i>n</i> = 29). Primary outcome measures focused on short-term indicators, including complications and adverse events (22.95%) and pathological outcomes (13.93%), while long-term oncological and functional outcomes accounted for a lower proportion (27.87%). This study reveals the key problems of significant geographical concentration dominated by China, lack of international cooperation, and insufficient long-term evidence. In the future, it is necessary to give priority to high-quality multi-center global trials and systematically evaluate long-term results to improve the accuracy and accessibility of robotic surgery in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer.</p>