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<p>Environmental pollution from azo dyes demands effective and sustainable cleanup methods. In this research, pure SnO<sub>2</sub> NPs and Alg–SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites were created using a straightforward, eco-friendly co-precipitation process. Characterization techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDS, and TGA confirmed the successful integration of SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals within the alginate matrix, while maintaining the tetragonal rutile structure. The average crystallite size notably decreased from 20.74 nm in pure SnO<sub>2</sub> to 6.91&#xa0;nm in the nanocomposite, demonstrating alginate's role in controlling crystal growth and reducing particle clumping. The optical band gap decreased from 3.65 eV to 3.25&#xa0;eV upon the addition of alginate, thereby improving visible-light absorption. The photocatalytic ability was tested by degrading methyl orange dye under visible-light. The Alg–SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite showed excellent adsorption and a high degradation rate of 99.5% under optimal conditions: 60&#xa0;mg catalyst, 5 mg L<sup>−1</sup> dye, pH 2, and 25&#xa0;°C. Kinetic analysis indicated the degradation followed a pseudo-first-order model, with R<sup>2</sup> values above 0.94 for the Alg–SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite across all concentrations. Recyclability tests revealed nearly 99.5% efficiency in the first three cycles, with a slight decline in the fourth. The superior performance of the Alg–SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite stems from the combined adsorption capacity of alginate and the photocatalytic activity of SnO<sub>2</sub>. These results suggest that Alg–SnO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites are promising, eco-friendly photocatalysts for wastewater treatment.</p>

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Synergistic adsorption and enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye using SnO2 and Alg–SnO2 nanocomposites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Heba Abdul Hamed Majeed,
  • Hassan Thamir Abdulsahib

摘要

Environmental pollution from azo dyes demands effective and sustainable cleanup methods. In this research, pure SnO2 NPs and Alg–SnO2 nanocomposites were created using a straightforward, eco-friendly co-precipitation process. Characterization techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDS, and TGA confirmed the successful integration of SnO2 nanocrystals within the alginate matrix, while maintaining the tetragonal rutile structure. The average crystallite size notably decreased from 20.74 nm in pure SnO2 to 6.91 nm in the nanocomposite, demonstrating alginate's role in controlling crystal growth and reducing particle clumping. The optical band gap decreased from 3.65 eV to 3.25 eV upon the addition of alginate, thereby improving visible-light absorption. The photocatalytic ability was tested by degrading methyl orange dye under visible-light. The Alg–SnO2 nanocomposite showed excellent adsorption and a high degradation rate of 99.5% under optimal conditions: 60 mg catalyst, 5 mg L−1 dye, pH 2, and 25 °C. Kinetic analysis indicated the degradation followed a pseudo-first-order model, with R2 values above 0.94 for the Alg–SnO2 nanocomposite across all concentrations. Recyclability tests revealed nearly 99.5% efficiency in the first three cycles, with a slight decline in the fourth. The superior performance of the Alg–SnO2 nanocomposite stems from the combined adsorption capacity of alginate and the photocatalytic activity of SnO2. These results suggest that Alg–SnO2 nanocomposites are promising, eco-friendly photocatalysts for wastewater treatment.