<p>Sustainable agriculture requires innovative technologies that enhance soil health while improving nutrient use efficiency and minimizing environmental impacts associated with conventional agrochemicals. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), a class of highly porous and structurally tunable crystalline materials, have emerged as promising multifunctional platforms for precision agriculture. This review critically examines the structural characteristics, physicochemical properties and synthesis strategies of MOFs, including hydrothermal, solvothermal, microwave-assisted, electrochemical, mechanochemical, sonochemical, biomimetic, microfluidic and diffusion-based approaches, with emphasis on their agricultural feasibility. Recent advances in the application of MOFs for controlled nutrient delivery, soil moisture sensing, soil remediation, environmental pollutant monitoring and smart pesticide delivery are comprehensively discussed. The review further explains the mechanisms governing nutrient release under pedological conditions, environmental fate, microbial degradation and interactions with the soil-plant system. Evidence from recent studies demonstrates that MOF-based systems improve nutrient use efficiency, reduce nutrient losses through leaching and volatilization, enhance soil water retention and support precision nutrient management. Despite these advantages, challenges related to production cost, long-term stability, environmental safety, scalability and regulatory approval continue to limit large-scale agricultural adoption. Future research should focus on green synthesis, eco-friendly and biodegradable MOFs, long-term field validation and the development of multifunctional smart systems integrated with precision agriculture for sustainable and climate-resilient crop production.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>