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<p><?tk 4?>Banana and plantain residues, including peels, leaves, pseudostems, and inflorescences, are generated in large quantities and are commonly discarded, contributing to environmental impacts. However, this biomass represents a potential resource for valorization. This systematic review examines thermochemical conversion of <i>Musa</i> residues, focusing on process conditions, product distribution, catalytic effects, and applications. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect (2010–2025), yielding 152 records, of which 53 studies met the inclusion criteria. Pyrolysis emerged as the most frequently reported process (27 studies), followed by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) (19 studies), while gasification and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) were less frequently explored. Temperature consistently emerged as the dominant factor controlling product distribution across all thermochemical processes. Increasing temperature reduced biochar yield while promoting gaseous and liquid products during pyrolysis. In HTC, higher temperatures enhanced dehydration, decarboxylation, aromaticity, and energy densification, whereas in gasification they increased hydrogen production. However, variability in residence time, biomass-to-water ratio, and pretreatment limited direct comparisons among studies. Catalysts modified reaction pathways and product properties, while the resulting materials were mainly applied in contaminant removal, soil amendment, and energy storage. Despite these advances, further efforts toward process standardization, scale-up, and comprehensive sustainability assessment are required to support the industrial implementation of thermochemical technologies for <i>Musa</i> residues.</p> Graphical abstract

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Thermochemical valorization of Musa agro-industrial waste: advances, challenges and applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Jenny Marcela Vélez-Gómez,
  • Lina Marcela Orozco,
  • Luz Angela Veloza

摘要

Banana and plantain residues, including peels, leaves, pseudostems, and inflorescences, are generated in large quantities and are commonly discarded, contributing to environmental impacts. However, this biomass represents a potential resource for valorization. This systematic review examines thermochemical conversion of Musa residues, focusing on process conditions, product distribution, catalytic effects, and applications. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect (2010–2025), yielding 152 records, of which 53 studies met the inclusion criteria. Pyrolysis emerged as the most frequently reported process (27 studies), followed by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) (19 studies), while gasification and hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) were less frequently explored. Temperature consistently emerged as the dominant factor controlling product distribution across all thermochemical processes. Increasing temperature reduced biochar yield while promoting gaseous and liquid products during pyrolysis. In HTC, higher temperatures enhanced dehydration, decarboxylation, aromaticity, and energy densification, whereas in gasification they increased hydrogen production. However, variability in residence time, biomass-to-water ratio, and pretreatment limited direct comparisons among studies. Catalysts modified reaction pathways and product properties, while the resulting materials were mainly applied in contaminant removal, soil amendment, and energy storage. Despite these advances, further efforts toward process standardization, scale-up, and comprehensive sustainability assessment are required to support the industrial implementation of thermochemical technologies for Musa residues.

Graphical abstract