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<p>The agglomeration of nanomaterials in alkaline cementitious environments severely limits their potential to improve concrete performance making the development of stable nano admixtures a critical objective for modern construction. This study aims to synthesize and evaluate a novel core–shell magnetic nanocomposite to overcome dispersion challenges and selectively enhance both the mechanical strength and workability of concrete. We synthesized Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles encapsulated within a chitosan and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide shell using a co-precipitation method to provide robust electro-steric stabilization. The synthesized admixtures were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, and subsequently evaluated in cementitious matrices at varying dosages. Results indicated that an optimum dosage of 1000&#xa0;ppm maintained a highly positive zeta potential of + 48.9&#xa0;mV after one week, ensuring excellent long-term colloidal stability. Incorporating this optimized dosage accelerated early-age hydration kinetics, significantly reduced setting times, and enhanced the initial slump workability. Crucially, the modified concrete exhibited a massive 45% increase in 28-day compressive strength reaching 58.0&#xa0;MPa compared to the 40.0&#xa0;MPa control baseline. Furthermore, technoeconomic analysis confirmed that this substantial performance gain incurs only a 5% increase in production costs yielding a highly favorable strength-to-cost ratio. In conclusion, the dual-layered functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles effectively mitigates agglomeration, offering a highly reactive, cost-efficient, and structurally superior alternative to conventional concrete admixtures while enabling significant cement reduction for sustainable infrastructure development.</p>

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Synthesis and technoeconomic assessment of Fe3O4@CS/CTAB nanocomposite admixtures for enhancing concrete structural and rheological performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Kunhao Zhang

摘要

The agglomeration of nanomaterials in alkaline cementitious environments severely limits their potential to improve concrete performance making the development of stable nano admixtures a critical objective for modern construction. This study aims to synthesize and evaluate a novel core–shell magnetic nanocomposite to overcome dispersion challenges and selectively enhance both the mechanical strength and workability of concrete. We synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles encapsulated within a chitosan and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide shell using a co-precipitation method to provide robust electro-steric stabilization. The synthesized admixtures were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, and subsequently evaluated in cementitious matrices at varying dosages. Results indicated that an optimum dosage of 1000 ppm maintained a highly positive zeta potential of + 48.9 mV after one week, ensuring excellent long-term colloidal stability. Incorporating this optimized dosage accelerated early-age hydration kinetics, significantly reduced setting times, and enhanced the initial slump workability. Crucially, the modified concrete exhibited a massive 45% increase in 28-day compressive strength reaching 58.0 MPa compared to the 40.0 MPa control baseline. Furthermore, technoeconomic analysis confirmed that this substantial performance gain incurs only a 5% increase in production costs yielding a highly favorable strength-to-cost ratio. In conclusion, the dual-layered functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles effectively mitigates agglomeration, offering a highly reactive, cost-efficient, and structurally superior alternative to conventional concrete admixtures while enabling significant cement reduction for sustainable infrastructure development.