Glutaric acid a five-carbon dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C5H8O4, obtained from fermentation is known for its diverse applications in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, plastics, and food additives. The separation of glutaric acid from the fermentation broth using green solvents is crucial for both process efficiency and product purity. The sustainable separation of glutaric acid from aqueous solutions is a vital process in producing bio-based chemicals, playing a crucial role in promoting green chemistry and minimizing environmental impact. Conventional approaches are limited with many drawbacks, including toxicity and negative environment impact, high energy requirement, and capital cost. Further, process intensification can contribute significantly to the development of a sustainable process for the separation of glutaric acid. The various intensified sustainable approaches comprise reactive extraction, natural solvents, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, hybrid and combination of solvents, microfulidic separation, inverted colied separation, etc. The theoretical aspects of these processes have been discussed based on key features. Also few experimental results on the separation of glutaric acid using natural non-toxic solvents, physical extraction, reactive extraction, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, ionic liquid-emulsion memebrane, microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, Taylor–Couette disc contactors (TCDC), and in situ product recovery (ISPR) technologies have been presented. Key factors impacting separation efficiency, including solvent composition, molar ratios, hydrogen bonding interactions, and operational conditions, are thoroughly examined. The study underscores the effectiveness of various solvents and approaches in extracting biochemicals like carboxylic acids, amino acids, and natural phenolic compounds, achieving enhanced selectivity and yield compared to traditional methods. The presented innovative technique has demonstrated significant potential to separation practices.The integration of intensified contactors, membrane systems, and ISPR technologies with sustainable solvents provides a scalable Additionally, the reusability and stability of solvents under diverse operational conditions reinforce their economic and ecological advantages. The obtained results are useful for the selection of a suitable intensified sustainable approach and its design for a specific application. This work establishes a scalable, green approach for glutaric acid recovery, advancing the sustainable production of valuable bio-based acids from fermentation and supporting broader applications in green separation technologies.

Intensified sustainable approaches for the separation of glutaric acid

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发表日期：

2026年7月24日

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Ashwini S. Thakre,
Diwakar Z. Shende,
Kailas L. Wasewar

摘要

Glutaric acid a five-carbon dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C₅H₈O₄, obtained from fermentation is known for its diverse applications in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, plastics, and food additives. The separation of glutaric acid from the fermentation broth using green solvents is crucial for both process efficiency and product purity. The sustainable separation of glutaric acid from aqueous solutions is a vital process in producing bio-based chemicals, playing a crucial role in promoting green chemistry and minimizing environmental impact. Conventional approaches are limited with many drawbacks, including toxicity and negative environment impact, high energy requirement, and capital cost. Further, process intensification can contribute significantly to the development of a sustainable process for the separation of glutaric acid. The various intensified sustainable approaches comprise reactive extraction, natural solvents, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, hybrid and combination of solvents, microfulidic separation, inverted colied separation, etc. The theoretical aspects of these processes have been discussed based on key features. Also few experimental results on the separation of glutaric acid using natural non-toxic solvents, physical extraction, reactive extraction, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, ionic liquid-emulsion memebrane, microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, Taylor–Couette disc contactors (TCDC), and in situ product recovery (ISPR) technologies have been presented. Key factors impacting separation efficiency, including solvent composition, molar ratios, hydrogen bonding interactions, and operational conditions, are thoroughly examined. The study underscores the effectiveness of various solvents and approaches in extracting biochemicals like carboxylic acids, amino acids, and natural phenolic compounds, achieving enhanced selectivity and yield compared to traditional methods. The presented innovative technique has demonstrated significant potential to separation practices.The integration of intensified contactors, membrane systems, and ISPR technologies with sustainable solvents provides a scalable Additionally, the reusability and stability of solvents under diverse operational conditions reinforce their economic and ecological advantages. The obtained results are useful for the selection of a suitable intensified sustainable approach and its design for a specific application. This work establishes a scalable, green approach for glutaric acid recovery, advancing the sustainable production of valuable bio-based acids from fermentation and supporting broader applications in green separation technologies.