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<p>The multifunctional potential of gallic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GA-CNPs), synthesized via the Ionic Gelation method, are systematically investigated in this study. This simple, biocompatible technique crosslinks biopolymer such as chitosan with counterions in mild conditions, allowing for controlled particle size, efficient drug encapsulation, and long-term release. The UV–visible spectra reveals that there is a small blue shift from 270 to 260&#xa0;nm, which confirms the formation of GA-CNPs. The SAED pattern and XRD measured at 2θ for GA-CNPs show the corresponding peaks at 12°, 15.6<sup>o</sup> and 22.5° and confirms that the nanoparticles are amorphous in nature. FT-IR analysis showed that there is a bonding between gallic acid and the chitosan nanoparticles. HR-TEM analysis revealed spherical nanoparticles with a core particle size of 80–200&#xa0;nm, while DLS measurements showed a hydrodynamic diameter of 470&#xa0;nm due to the hydration layer and surface-bound PEG stabilization. The nanoparticles exhibited a moderate polydispersity index (PDI = 0.28 ± 0.04) and a positive zeta potential (+ 32.4 ± 2.1&#xa0;mV), confirming good colloidal stability. EDAX pattern confirms the formation of GA-CNPs with no impurities by owing the peaks for N, C, O and P elements alone. The Box-Behnken Design of Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize nanoparticle synthesis, and the results were very similar to the characterization data. ANOVA analysis revealed significant antibacterial, anticancer, and biocompatibility activities at <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, supporting the characterization results. Thus, the results suggest that the prepared GA-CNPs have shown good antibacterial and anticancer activity with minimal quantity, along with their good Bio and Haemocompatibilty property which was proved through their biological evaluation studies.</p>

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Novel nanostructured gallic acid-chitosan nanoparticles: a new approach towards multifunctional applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • T. Muthukumar,
  • B. Parimalam,
  • M. Chamundeeswari,
  • R. Mary Nancy Flora

摘要

The multifunctional potential of gallic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GA-CNPs), synthesized via the Ionic Gelation method, are systematically investigated in this study. This simple, biocompatible technique crosslinks biopolymer such as chitosan with counterions in mild conditions, allowing for controlled particle size, efficient drug encapsulation, and long-term release. The UV–visible spectra reveals that there is a small blue shift from 270 to 260 nm, which confirms the formation of GA-CNPs. The SAED pattern and XRD measured at 2θ for GA-CNPs show the corresponding peaks at 12°, 15.6o and 22.5° and confirms that the nanoparticles are amorphous in nature. FT-IR analysis showed that there is a bonding between gallic acid and the chitosan nanoparticles. HR-TEM analysis revealed spherical nanoparticles with a core particle size of 80–200 nm, while DLS measurements showed a hydrodynamic diameter of 470 nm due to the hydration layer and surface-bound PEG stabilization. The nanoparticles exhibited a moderate polydispersity index (PDI = 0.28 ± 0.04) and a positive zeta potential (+ 32.4 ± 2.1 mV), confirming good colloidal stability. EDAX pattern confirms the formation of GA-CNPs with no impurities by owing the peaks for N, C, O and P elements alone. The Box-Behnken Design of Response Surface Methodology was used to optimize nanoparticle synthesis, and the results were very similar to the characterization data. ANOVA analysis revealed significant antibacterial, anticancer, and biocompatibility activities at p < 0.05, supporting the characterization results. Thus, the results suggest that the prepared GA-CNPs have shown good antibacterial and anticancer activity with minimal quantity, along with their good Bio and Haemocompatibilty property which was proved through their biological evaluation studies.