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<p>Due to their distinct physicochemical characteristics and strong fluorescence, europium nanoconjugates (Eu[TOPO]–MAP) have drawn a lot of interest as an affordable substitute for gold and silver nanocrystals in sensing applications. However, their vulnerability to oxidative deterioration and low quantum yield frequently limit their performance. In order to improve the characteristics of europium nanoparticles, mussel adhesive protein (MAP) was used in this study as a multifunctional scaffold, stabilizer, and protective ligand. Response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design was used to scientifically adjust key synthesis parameters, such as EuNP concentration (10–50&#xa0;mg), MAP concentration (2–10&#xa0;mg/mL), and reaction water volume (10–50&#xa0;mL), to improve quantum yield and conjugation efficiency. Following synthesis under the anticipated ideal conditions, Eu[TOPO]–MAP nanoconjugates were assessed in comparison to model predictions. A maximum quantum yield of 97% and conjugation efficiency of 98.75% under ideal circumstances were obtained by optimizing the synthesis parameters using Response Surface Methodology. The improved surface passivation and potential suppression of non-radiative decay pathways brought on by biomolecular contact are responsible for the MAP-conjugated europium nanoparticles' better fluorescence performance. These results highlight the potential of MAP-functionalized europium nanoconjugates for bioimaging and fluorescence-based sensing applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Mussel-inspired bio-conjugated europium nanoparticles: optimization of synthesis parameters and enhanced fluorescence performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • T. R. Poorani

摘要

Due to their distinct physicochemical characteristics and strong fluorescence, europium nanoconjugates (Eu[TOPO]–MAP) have drawn a lot of interest as an affordable substitute for gold and silver nanocrystals in sensing applications. However, their vulnerability to oxidative deterioration and low quantum yield frequently limit their performance. In order to improve the characteristics of europium nanoparticles, mussel adhesive protein (MAP) was used in this study as a multifunctional scaffold, stabilizer, and protective ligand. Response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design was used to scientifically adjust key synthesis parameters, such as EuNP concentration (10–50 mg), MAP concentration (2–10 mg/mL), and reaction water volume (10–50 mL), to improve quantum yield and conjugation efficiency. Following synthesis under the anticipated ideal conditions, Eu[TOPO]–MAP nanoconjugates were assessed in comparison to model predictions. A maximum quantum yield of 97% and conjugation efficiency of 98.75% under ideal circumstances were obtained by optimizing the synthesis parameters using Response Surface Methodology. The improved surface passivation and potential suppression of non-radiative decay pathways brought on by biomolecular contact are responsible for the MAP-conjugated europium nanoparticles' better fluorescence performance. These results highlight the potential of MAP-functionalized europium nanoconjugates for bioimaging and fluorescence-based sensing applications.

Graphical abstract