<p>Tin oxide/graphitic carbon nitride (SnO<sub>2</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized to analyze their multifunctional performance in photocatalytic dye degradation and supercapacitor energy storage applications. In powder X-ray diffraction analysis crystalline structure of SnO<sub>2</sub> and its effective integration with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> were confirmed. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the presence of functional groups and bond formation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy provided insights into surface composition and interfacial electronic interactions of Sn, O, C, N. Transmission electron microscopy revealed uniformly distributed morphologies with controlled particle size, d-spacing value and SAED pattern. UV-DRS absorption analysis demonstrated the enhanced visible-light absorption with the calculated band gap value of pure SnO<sub>2</sub> as 3.31&#xa0;eV and reduced bandgap value for SnO<sub>2</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as 2.58&#xa0;eV. A photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency of 71% for SnO<sub>2</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites using methylene blue dye under visible-light irradiation, attributed to improved light irradiation and efficient charge separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the excellent energy-storage performance and a high specific capacitance of 1360&#xa0;F&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>, 89.5% capacitance retention after prolonged cycling, and a coulombic efficiency of 99.3%. The reduced charge-transfer resistance further indicates enhanced ion and electron transport, highlighting SnO<sub>2</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites as promising multifunctional materials for environmental remediation and sustainable supercapacitor applications.</p>

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Surface and interface engineering of SnO2/g-C3N4 heterostructured nanocomposites for enhanced charge transfer toward sustainable visible-light photocatalysis and electrochemical energy storage

  • N. Venkatachalam,
  • M. Prabhaharan,
  • V. Sasikala,
  • Rekha Pachaiappan,
  • Ashutosh Kumar Dikshit,
  • Muthumareeswaran Muthuramamoorthy,
  • Shofiur Rahman

摘要

Tin oxide/graphitic carbon nitride (SnO2/g-C3N4) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized to analyze their multifunctional performance in photocatalytic dye degradation and supercapacitor energy storage applications. In powder X-ray diffraction analysis crystalline structure of SnO2 and its effective integration with g-C3N4 were confirmed. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the presence of functional groups and bond formation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy provided insights into surface composition and interfacial electronic interactions of Sn, O, C, N. Transmission electron microscopy revealed uniformly distributed morphologies with controlled particle size, d-spacing value and SAED pattern. UV-DRS absorption analysis demonstrated the enhanced visible-light absorption with the calculated band gap value of pure SnO2 as 3.31 eV and reduced bandgap value for SnO2/g-C3N4 as 2.58 eV. A photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency of 71% for SnO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites using methylene blue dye under visible-light irradiation, attributed to improved light irradiation and efficient charge separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the excellent energy-storage performance and a high specific capacitance of 1360 F g−1, 89.5% capacitance retention after prolonged cycling, and a coulombic efficiency of 99.3%. The reduced charge-transfer resistance further indicates enhanced ion and electron transport, highlighting SnO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites as promising multifunctional materials for environmental remediation and sustainable supercapacitor applications.