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<p>This study investigates the development of 3D-printed PETG hybrid composites reinforced with silane-treated Si₂N₂O and alginate fillers for improved multifunctional performance. The influence of filler loading on mechanical, thermal, and moisture resistance properties was systematically evaluated through tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, thermal conductivity, swelling, and degradation analyses. The results showed that the incorporation of hybrid fillers significantly enhanced the composite performance up to the optimal composition (2.5 vol% alginate), achieving maximum tensile strength of 72&#xa0;MPa, flexural strength of 101&#xa0;MPa, and impact strength of 5.3&#xa0;kJ/m² due to improved interfacial adhesion and uniform filler dispersion. Hardness and thermal conductivity increased progressively with filler loading, reaching maximum values of 82 Shore D and 0.40&#xa0;W/mK, respectively, at 3.5 vol% alginate reinforced composite. Swelling and degradation studies indicated improved moisture resistance at 2.5 vol% alginate reinforced composite, while slight increases at higher filler loading were attributed to filler agglomeration and alginate-induced moisture affinity. Fractographic observations revealed improved interfacial interaction and reduced crack propagation in reinforced composites compared to neat PETG. Overall, the study demonstrates that the optimized hybrid filler system effectively improves the mechanical, thermal, and durability characteristics of PETG composites fabricated through additive manufacturing.</p>

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Development of 3D-printed PETG-Si2N2O–alginate hybrid ceramic–polymer composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Shruthi Kumar,
  • Dernita Maria Nithya Arputharaj,
  • Divya Yogaraj,
  • Prabhu T

摘要

This study investigates the development of 3D-printed PETG hybrid composites reinforced with silane-treated Si₂N₂O and alginate fillers for improved multifunctional performance. The influence of filler loading on mechanical, thermal, and moisture resistance properties was systematically evaluated through tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, thermal conductivity, swelling, and degradation analyses. The results showed that the incorporation of hybrid fillers significantly enhanced the composite performance up to the optimal composition (2.5 vol% alginate), achieving maximum tensile strength of 72 MPa, flexural strength of 101 MPa, and impact strength of 5.3 kJ/m² due to improved interfacial adhesion and uniform filler dispersion. Hardness and thermal conductivity increased progressively with filler loading, reaching maximum values of 82 Shore D and 0.40 W/mK, respectively, at 3.5 vol% alginate reinforced composite. Swelling and degradation studies indicated improved moisture resistance at 2.5 vol% alginate reinforced composite, while slight increases at higher filler loading were attributed to filler agglomeration and alginate-induced moisture affinity. Fractographic observations revealed improved interfacial interaction and reduced crack propagation in reinforced composites compared to neat PETG. Overall, the study demonstrates that the optimized hybrid filler system effectively improves the mechanical, thermal, and durability characteristics of PETG composites fabricated through additive manufacturing.