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<p>Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were covalently functionalized through a diazonium-based radical pathway to improve surface reactivity and dispersion behavior. The approach relies on the in-situ generation of a sterically hindered aryl radicals from 2,6-dimethylaniline and isopentyl nitrate, followed by halogen abstraction from 6-bromohexanoic acid, to produce an alkyl radical able to bind to the nanotube surface under mild conditions. Post-functionalization with ferrocenemethanol and lactic acid was subsequently achieved, broadening the application potential of the modified DWCNTs. The method was designed to operate at low temperatures and without harsh reagents, allowing for stable functionalization while preserving nanotube structure. The modified surfaces were characterized by IR, XPS, TGA, TEM, and dispersion observation in aqueous medium, confirming the successful attachment of functional groups and enhanced material properties. This approach offers a practical route to introduce reactive organic moieties onto DWCNTs, thereby providing a useful platform for further application in nanocomposites, catalysis, and interfacial materials.</p>

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Modification of DWCNTs with organic moieties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Dardan Hetemi,
  • Fetah Podvorica,
  • Flamur Sopaj

摘要

Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were covalently functionalized through a diazonium-based radical pathway to improve surface reactivity and dispersion behavior. The approach relies on the in-situ generation of a sterically hindered aryl radicals from 2,6-dimethylaniline and isopentyl nitrate, followed by halogen abstraction from 6-bromohexanoic acid, to produce an alkyl radical able to bind to the nanotube surface under mild conditions. Post-functionalization with ferrocenemethanol and lactic acid was subsequently achieved, broadening the application potential of the modified DWCNTs. The method was designed to operate at low temperatures and without harsh reagents, allowing for stable functionalization while preserving nanotube structure. The modified surfaces were characterized by IR, XPS, TGA, TEM, and dispersion observation in aqueous medium, confirming the successful attachment of functional groups and enhanced material properties. This approach offers a practical route to introduce reactive organic moieties onto DWCNTs, thereby providing a useful platform for further application in nanocomposites, catalysis, and interfacial materials.