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<p>Biosynthesized nanoparticles are increasingly valued for their unique biological applications and plant-derived metabolites that enable green synthesis. This study reports the easy and eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from an aqueous leaf extract of <i>Clerodendrum infortunatum</i>. Characterization through UV‒visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, EDX, and HR‒TEM confirmed their structural, chemical, and morphological properties. A stable UV‒Vis peak at 420&#xa0;nm was observed after 24&#xa0;h of incubation in the dark. FTIR analysis revealed key functional groups involved in reduction, capping, and stabilization, including phenolic, amine, ester, and aromatic groups. XRD analysis confirmed a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline structure, similar to that of the AgNPs synthesized from <i>Moringa oleifera</i> extract. HR-TEM and SAED revealed that well-dispersed <i>Cl</i>-AgNPs with biomolecular coatings prevented aggregation, while EDX analysis verified their purity, detecting a strong silver peak at 3&#xa0;keV along with trace capping elements. <i>Cl</i>-AgNPs exhibited stronger antibacterial activity against <i>S. typhi</i> than against <i>S. aureus, K. pneumoniae</i>, or <i>E. faecalis</i>, likely due to cell wall differences. Antioxidant analysis revealed that <i>Cl</i>-AgNPs had greater activity than Trolox did. Membrane leakage studies confirmed increased sugar and protein release, with the highest leakage in <i>E. faecalis</i>, demonstrating the ability of <i>Cl</i>-AgNPs to compromise microbial cell integrity.</p>

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Microwave-irradiated green synthesis of antibacterial and antioxidant silver nanoparticles from Clerodendrum infortunatum leaf extracts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Dima Alkadri,
  • Avinash Basavarajappa,
  • Kotresh Kyathanahally Rajashekarappa,
  • Prabhanshu Kumar,
  • Gurumurthy Dummi Mahadevan

摘要

Biosynthesized nanoparticles are increasingly valued for their unique biological applications and plant-derived metabolites that enable green synthesis. This study reports the easy and eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from an aqueous leaf extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum. Characterization through UV‒visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, EDX, and HR‒TEM confirmed their structural, chemical, and morphological properties. A stable UV‒Vis peak at 420 nm was observed after 24 h of incubation in the dark. FTIR analysis revealed key functional groups involved in reduction, capping, and stabilization, including phenolic, amine, ester, and aromatic groups. XRD analysis confirmed a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline structure, similar to that of the AgNPs synthesized from Moringa oleifera extract. HR-TEM and SAED revealed that well-dispersed Cl-AgNPs with biomolecular coatings prevented aggregation, while EDX analysis verified their purity, detecting a strong silver peak at 3 keV along with trace capping elements. Cl-AgNPs exhibited stronger antibacterial activity against S. typhi than against S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, or E. faecalis, likely due to cell wall differences. Antioxidant analysis revealed that Cl-AgNPs had greater activity than Trolox did. Membrane leakage studies confirmed increased sugar and protein release, with the highest leakage in E. faecalis, demonstrating the ability of Cl-AgNPs to compromise microbial cell integrity.