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<p>Porous carbon derived from waste biomass exhibits significant potential for removing environmental contaminants due to its adsorptive properties. However, a structural trade-off exists between achieving the high porosity necessary for optimal adsorption capacity and the high energy consumption with equipment corrosion resulting from the pore-forming process. In this study, a novel strategy based on a free-radical-assisted hydrothermal process was presented for synthesizing porous biochar. Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) serves as the free radical source, enabling controlled oxidation of corn stalk pith during a straightforward hydrothermal pretreatment at 120&#xa0;°C, followed by carbonization at 700&#xa0;°C to form internal pores. This innovative approach enhanced the sulfamethoxazole (SMX) adsorption capacity by approximately threefold, from 43.37&#xa0;mg/g to 130.22&#xa0;mg/g. Although the PMS-pretreated porous biochar surface displayed superhydrophilic properties due to carboxyl group modification, results analyses indicate that SMX adsorption is primarily driven by π–π conjugation, hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen bonding, relying on specific surface area rather than electrostatic interactions. This study presents a beneficial attempt at a free-radical-based pretreatment for the straightforward and robust synthesis of porous biochar.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Radical-assisted hydrothermal treatment coupled with pyrolysis enhances the removal of sulfamethoxazole by porous biochar derived from corn stalk pith

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Zhijun Hu,
  • Juntao Zhang,
  • Benmei Wei,
  • Sheng Li,
  • Yangke Long

摘要

Porous carbon derived from waste biomass exhibits significant potential for removing environmental contaminants due to its adsorptive properties. However, a structural trade-off exists between achieving the high porosity necessary for optimal adsorption capacity and the high energy consumption with equipment corrosion resulting from the pore-forming process. In this study, a novel strategy based on a free-radical-assisted hydrothermal process was presented for synthesizing porous biochar. Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) serves as the free radical source, enabling controlled oxidation of corn stalk pith during a straightforward hydrothermal pretreatment at 120 °C, followed by carbonization at 700 °C to form internal pores. This innovative approach enhanced the sulfamethoxazole (SMX) adsorption capacity by approximately threefold, from 43.37 mg/g to 130.22 mg/g. Although the PMS-pretreated porous biochar surface displayed superhydrophilic properties due to carboxyl group modification, results analyses indicate that SMX adsorption is primarily driven by π–π conjugation, hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen bonding, relying on specific surface area rather than electrostatic interactions. This study presents a beneficial attempt at a free-radical-based pretreatment for the straightforward and robust synthesis of porous biochar.

Graphical abstract