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<p>Organophosphate pesticides are widely used in agriculture and may pose significant risks to pollinators such as <i>Apis mellifera</i>. The present study evaluated the acute toxicity and sublethal cytogenetic effects of dichlorvos (DDVP) in adult worker honeybees using mortality assessment and micronucleus-based nuclear abnormality analysis. Worker bees were collected from agricultural fields in Sialkot, Pakistan, and exposed under laboratory conditions (25 ± 2&#xa0;°C; 60 ± 5% RH) to dichlorvos concentrations ranging from 1 to 40 µL/L. Mortality was recorded after 24&#xa0;h, LC<sub>50</sub> was estimated by probit analysis, and hemocytes from control and exposed bees were scored for micronuclei, nuclear buds, and binucleated cells. Results showed a clear dose-dependent increase in mortality, with 16.67 ± 4.71% mortality at 1 µL/L, 46.67 ± 4.71% at 10 µL/L, and 96.67 ± 4.71% at 40 µL/L; the LC<sub>50</sub> was estimated at 10 µL/L. Sublethal exposure also increased cytogenetic abnormalities relative to the control group. At 1/3 LC<sub>50</sub>, micronuclei reached 5.0 ± 1.2% and total genomic damage 9.3 ± 1.7%, whereas at 1/7 LC<sub>50</sub>, micronuclei were 2.1 ± 0.5% and total genomic damage was 3.9 ± 0.7%. Micronucleus frequency differed significantly among treatment groups (F₍3,8₎ = 341.00, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). These findings indicate that dichlorvos exposure is associated with acute toxicity and increased cytogenetic abnormalities in honeybee hemocytes, highlighting the importance of including sublethal and cytogenetic endpoints in pesticide risk assessment and pollinator protection strategies.</p>

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Sublethal dichlorvos exposure induces cytogenetic damage in Apis mellifera hemocytes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Sadia Maalik,
  • Mehar-un-Nisa Butt,
  • Sajida Mushtaq,
  • Ayesha Hafeez,
  • Naheed Bano,
  • Tauseef Anwar,
  • Huma Qureshi,
  • Salohiddinjon Yunusov,
  • Shuqurillo Ziyadov,
  • Muydinjon M. Muminov,
  • Khudiyev Orkhan,
  • Maksudkhon Sarimsakov,
  • Ibtisam M. Alsudays,
  • Khalid H. Alamer,
  • Asqar Quvatov

摘要

Organophosphate pesticides are widely used in agriculture and may pose significant risks to pollinators such as Apis mellifera. The present study evaluated the acute toxicity and sublethal cytogenetic effects of dichlorvos (DDVP) in adult worker honeybees using mortality assessment and micronucleus-based nuclear abnormality analysis. Worker bees were collected from agricultural fields in Sialkot, Pakistan, and exposed under laboratory conditions (25 ± 2 °C; 60 ± 5% RH) to dichlorvos concentrations ranging from 1 to 40 µL/L. Mortality was recorded after 24 h, LC50 was estimated by probit analysis, and hemocytes from control and exposed bees were scored for micronuclei, nuclear buds, and binucleated cells. Results showed a clear dose-dependent increase in mortality, with 16.67 ± 4.71% mortality at 1 µL/L, 46.67 ± 4.71% at 10 µL/L, and 96.67 ± 4.71% at 40 µL/L; the LC50 was estimated at 10 µL/L. Sublethal exposure also increased cytogenetic abnormalities relative to the control group. At 1/3 LC50, micronuclei reached 5.0 ± 1.2% and total genomic damage 9.3 ± 1.7%, whereas at 1/7 LC50, micronuclei were 2.1 ± 0.5% and total genomic damage was 3.9 ± 0.7%. Micronucleus frequency differed significantly among treatment groups (F₍3,8₎ = 341.00, p < 0.001). These findings indicate that dichlorvos exposure is associated with acute toxicity and increased cytogenetic abnormalities in honeybee hemocytes, highlighting the importance of including sublethal and cytogenetic endpoints in pesticide risk assessment and pollinator protection strategies.