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<p>This research examines the effects of heat treatment (HT) on the degradation of the microstructure, mechanical characteristics, and corrosion susceptibility of sintered Ti-12Mo-3Ag (T12Mo3A) alloy. The alloy was subjected to heat treatment (solution treatment) at 950&#xa0;°C, followed by aging at 500&#xa0;°C, to compare its properties with those of the as-sintered state. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the predominant phase of the alloy was β-phase with a body-centered structure, accompanied by minor quantities of α-phase and intermetallic AgTi₃. The alloy exhibited a 93.3% densification and 6.7% porosity, with a measured density of 5.0048&#xa0;g/cm³, compared with its theoretical density of 5.364&#xa0;g/cm³. The Vickers hardness in the as-sintered condition was 360 ± 10 HV. After solution treatment, it increased to 368 ± 4 HV. Following aging at 500&#xa0;°C, the hardness significantly rose to 511 ± 6 HV, indicating precipitation hardening. According to potentiodynamic polarization studies, the corrosion rate (CR) in simulated body fluid (SBF) decreased from 30.18&#xa0;μm/y at 0&#xa0;g HA to 1.49&#xa0;μm/y at 3&#xa0;g HA at room temperature. In saline solution, the CR diminished from 17.30&#xa0;μm/y to 1.58&#xa0;μm/y with an equivalent quantity of HA. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we confirmed that the stability of the passive film improved, with the polarization resistance (Rp) increasing to 405 kΩ in SBF and 137 kΩ in saline at optimal HA concentrations. Corrosion resistance enhanced with aging, as evidenced by surface morphology and EDX analysis, which revealed a homogeneous, dense oxide layer enriched with Mo and Ag. The T12M3A alloy aged at 500&#xa0;°C demonstrated significant potential as a biomedical implant material due to its superior hardness, electrochemical stability, and surface integrity.</p>

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Heat-treatment-driven microstructural evolution and performance enhancement in sintered Ti–12Mo–3Ag alloy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Hala E. Kattarya,
  • Lamiaa Z. Mohamed,
  • Emad El-Kashif,
  • Hayam A. Aly

摘要

This research examines the effects of heat treatment (HT) on the degradation of the microstructure, mechanical characteristics, and corrosion susceptibility of sintered Ti-12Mo-3Ag (T12Mo3A) alloy. The alloy was subjected to heat treatment (solution treatment) at 950 °C, followed by aging at 500 °C, to compare its properties with those of the as-sintered state. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the predominant phase of the alloy was β-phase with a body-centered structure, accompanied by minor quantities of α-phase and intermetallic AgTi₃. The alloy exhibited a 93.3% densification and 6.7% porosity, with a measured density of 5.0048 g/cm³, compared with its theoretical density of 5.364 g/cm³. The Vickers hardness in the as-sintered condition was 360 ± 10 HV. After solution treatment, it increased to 368 ± 4 HV. Following aging at 500 °C, the hardness significantly rose to 511 ± 6 HV, indicating precipitation hardening. According to potentiodynamic polarization studies, the corrosion rate (CR) in simulated body fluid (SBF) decreased from 30.18 μm/y at 0 g HA to 1.49 μm/y at 3 g HA at room temperature. In saline solution, the CR diminished from 17.30 μm/y to 1.58 μm/y with an equivalent quantity of HA. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we confirmed that the stability of the passive film improved, with the polarization resistance (Rp) increasing to 405 kΩ in SBF and 137 kΩ in saline at optimal HA concentrations. Corrosion resistance enhanced with aging, as evidenced by surface morphology and EDX analysis, which revealed a homogeneous, dense oxide layer enriched with Mo and Ag. The T12M3A alloy aged at 500 °C demonstrated significant potential as a biomedical implant material due to its superior hardness, electrochemical stability, and surface integrity.