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<p>The presence of toxic industrial dyes and pathogenic microorganisms in water bodies poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health due to their persistence and non-biodegradable nature. In this study, a copper-modified tungsten trioxide–titanium dioxide ternary nanocomposite (Cu@WO₃/TiO₂) was successfully synthesized via a simple chemical precipitation method to enhance visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance for wastewater treatment applications. The synthesized materials, including pure TiO₂, WO₃/TiO₂, and Cu@WO₃/TiO₂, were systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate their structural, optical, and morphological properties. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared catalysts was evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under light irradiation at an initial pH of 7.5. Radical scavenging experiments revealed that hydroxyl (<sup>·</sup>OH) and superoxide (<sup>·</sup>O₂⁻) radicals are the dominant reactive species responsible for the degradation process. In addition, the Cu@WO₃/TiO₂ nanocomposite exhibited effective antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial performance is attributed to improved interfacial charge separation within the ternary heterojunction system, demonstrating its potential as a multifunctional material for sustainable wastewater remediation.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis and characterization of Cu decorated WO3/TiO2 for photocatalytic and antimicrobial applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Nagesh Sarojini Devi,
  • Rekha Pachaiappan,
  • Ashish Kumar Nayak,
  • Ameer Baig Ali Baig,
  • Sasikala Velusamy,
  • Thanikaikarasan Ramachandran,
  • Lorena Cornejo-Ponce

摘要

The presence of toxic industrial dyes and pathogenic microorganisms in water bodies poses a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health due to their persistence and non-biodegradable nature. In this study, a copper-modified tungsten trioxide–titanium dioxide ternary nanocomposite (Cu@WO₃/TiO₂) was successfully synthesized via a simple chemical precipitation method to enhance visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance for wastewater treatment applications. The synthesized materials, including pure TiO₂, WO₃/TiO₂, and Cu@WO₃/TiO₂, were systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate their structural, optical, and morphological properties. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared catalysts was evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under light irradiation at an initial pH of 7.5. Radical scavenging experiments revealed that hydroxyl (·OH) and superoxide (·O₂⁻) radicals are the dominant reactive species responsible for the degradation process. In addition, the Cu@WO₃/TiO₂ nanocomposite exhibited effective antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial performance is attributed to improved interfacial charge separation within the ternary heterojunction system, demonstrating its potential as a multifunctional material for sustainable wastewater remediation.

Graphical abstract