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<p>Alkaloids and terpenoids are extensively utilized in medicine and the food industry. however, conventional extraction relying on organic solvents suffers from high toxicity, poor biodegradability, and low efficiency, limiting their safe application. To address this gap, this study developed an innovative, eco-friendly ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction (DES-UAE) method for the efficient extraction bioactive compounds from <i>Euodiae fructus</i> (EF). First, eight deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were screened, with choline chloride-lactic acid (ChCl-Lac) identified as the optimal deep eutectic solvent (DES). The single factor investigation and response surface design were combined to optimize the optimum process parameters. Compared with the 60% ethanol group, limonin, evodiamine and rutaecarpine increased by 4.90, 2.67, and 4.16 times, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and density functional theory (DFT) confirmed that ChCl-Lac was more destructive to the cell wall, and the high yield of alkaloids and terpenoids was due to the hydrogen bond and van der Waals force between the target component and ChCl-Lac. The greenness evaluation proved that the extraction technology was green and sustainable. This extraction technology provides a feasible solution for the development and utilization of active components in EF, and provides new insights for the design of DES-UAE system for sustainable natural product processing.</p>

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Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction of bioactive compounds from Euodiae fructus: process optimization, mechanism elucidation and green assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月11日

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  • Lan Zhong,
  • Junjun Wang,
  • Xietao Ye,
  • Ying Chen,
  • Qingshan Liu,
  • Hui Yang,
  • Haolang Zhang,
  • Yanhao Wang,
  • Yuhuan Chen,
  • Yaokun Xiong

摘要

Alkaloids and terpenoids are extensively utilized in medicine and the food industry. however, conventional extraction relying on organic solvents suffers from high toxicity, poor biodegradability, and low efficiency, limiting their safe application. To address this gap, this study developed an innovative, eco-friendly ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction (DES-UAE) method for the efficient extraction bioactive compounds from Euodiae fructus (EF). First, eight deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were screened, with choline chloride-lactic acid (ChCl-Lac) identified as the optimal deep eutectic solvent (DES). The single factor investigation and response surface design were combined to optimize the optimum process parameters. Compared with the 60% ethanol group, limonin, evodiamine and rutaecarpine increased by 4.90, 2.67, and 4.16 times, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and density functional theory (DFT) confirmed that ChCl-Lac was more destructive to the cell wall, and the high yield of alkaloids and terpenoids was due to the hydrogen bond and van der Waals force between the target component and ChCl-Lac. The greenness evaluation proved that the extraction technology was green and sustainable. This extraction technology provides a feasible solution for the development and utilization of active components in EF, and provides new insights for the design of DES-UAE system for sustainable natural product processing.