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<p>This study investigates the corrosion inhibition performance of thalidomide on mild steel in 1.0&#xa0;M HCl solution using gravimetric, electrochemical (PDP and EIS), surface characterization SEM–EDX, AFM, XPS, and quantum chemical (DFT) methods. Thalidomide exhibited maximum inhibition efficiency of 98.71 ± 0.02% at 1600&#xa0;ppm, with potentiodynamic polarization indicating mixed-type inhibition dominated by anodic behavior. EIS analysis revealed a significant increase in charge transfer resistance, suggesting the formation of a stable protective layer. Thermodynamic studies confirmed spontaneous adsorption following the Langmuir isotherm, whereas surface morphology using XPS, AFM, and SEM–EDX verified the development of a corrosion-inhibiting layer. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further validated the experimental observations, indicating a strong interaction between thalidomide molecules and the steel surface. These findings establish thalidomide as a highly effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic environments.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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An evaluation of thalidomide as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution: combined experimental and computational studies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月6日

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  • Ashish Rathore,
  • Shikha Sharma,
  • Shobhana Sharma,
  • Abhinay Thakur,
  • Ankit Sharma,
  • Sushil Kumar Sharma

摘要

This study investigates the corrosion inhibition performance of thalidomide on mild steel in 1.0 M HCl solution using gravimetric, electrochemical (PDP and EIS), surface characterization SEM–EDX, AFM, XPS, and quantum chemical (DFT) methods. Thalidomide exhibited maximum inhibition efficiency of 98.71 ± 0.02% at 1600 ppm, with potentiodynamic polarization indicating mixed-type inhibition dominated by anodic behavior. EIS analysis revealed a significant increase in charge transfer resistance, suggesting the formation of a stable protective layer. Thermodynamic studies confirmed spontaneous adsorption following the Langmuir isotherm, whereas surface morphology using XPS, AFM, and SEM–EDX verified the development of a corrosion-inhibiting layer. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further validated the experimental observations, indicating a strong interaction between thalidomide molecules and the steel surface. These findings establish thalidomide as a highly effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic environments.

Graphical abstract