<p>The study focuses on the structural and analytical characterization of two newly synthesized molecular salts: flunarizinium picrate (FLUPA) and meclizinium picrate (MECPA). It is confirmed that both FLUPA and MECPA are crystallized in the monoclinic system with <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11696_2025_4249_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="45" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\text{P}{2}_{1}/c\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>P</mtext> <msub> <mn>2</mn> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and C2/c, respectively. Variations in bond lengths and angles confirm proton transfer from picric acid (PA) to the flunarizine (FLU)/meclizine (MEC) molecules. A bifurcated N−H⋯O intermolecular linkages was observed in between the FLU/MEC cation and picrate anion in both molecular salts. Two adjacent binary heterosynthons are identified, with graph sets <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11696_2025_4249_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({R}_{2}^{2}\left(8\right)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mn>8</mn> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11696_2025_4249_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({R}_{2}^{2}\left(9\right)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mn>9</mn> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> connecting C−H⋯O interactions between FLU and PA. Meanwhile, the FLU molecules are also interconnected through C−H⋯F linkages, as confirmed by the 11.7% contribution of F…H to the 2D fingerprint plot. Each picrate ion in MECPA is connected to neighboring MEC ions via N−H⋯O and C−H⋯O interactions, forming <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11696_2025_4249_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({R}_{2}^{1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mn>1</mn> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>(6) and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11696_2025_4249_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({R}_{2}^{2}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi>R</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>(8) ring motifs, hence stabilizing the crystal packing. The evidence for the formation of strong hydrogen bonds through N−H⋯O interactions was confirmed by IR and density functional theory analysis. The significant contribution of H∙∙∙H, O∙∙∙H, C∙∙∙H and F…H intercontacts to 2D fingerprint plot confirms the importance of N−H⋯O, C−H⋯O and C−H⋯F (FLUPA) interactions in stabilizing the supramolecular assembly. The bowtie patterns with colored segments (red and blue) observed on the shape index diagram of FLUPA and MECPA suggested the existence of π⋯π stacking interactions which is further supported by the curvedness plots. A detailed analysis of the supramolecular packing of FLUPA and MECPA is presented.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Structural studies on two new molecular salts of drug molecules: Flunarizinium picrate and Meclizinium picrate

  • P. J. Srijana,
  • B. S. Ooi,
  • C. K. Quah,
  • B. Narayana,
  • B. K. Sarojini,
  • U. Likhitha

摘要

The study focuses on the structural and analytical characterization of two newly synthesized molecular salts: flunarizinium picrate (FLUPA) and meclizinium picrate (MECPA). It is confirmed that both FLUPA and MECPA are crystallized in the monoclinic system with \(\text{P}{2}_{1}/c\) P 2 1 / c and C2/c, respectively. Variations in bond lengths and angles confirm proton transfer from picric acid (PA) to the flunarizine (FLU)/meclizine (MEC) molecules. A bifurcated N−H⋯O intermolecular linkages was observed in between the FLU/MEC cation and picrate anion in both molecular salts. Two adjacent binary heterosynthons are identified, with graph sets \({R}_{2}^{2}\left(8\right)\) R 2 2 8 and \({R}_{2}^{2}\left(9\right)\) R 2 2 9 connecting C−H⋯O interactions between FLU and PA. Meanwhile, the FLU molecules are also interconnected through C−H⋯F linkages, as confirmed by the 11.7% contribution of F…H to the 2D fingerprint plot. Each picrate ion in MECPA is connected to neighboring MEC ions via N−H⋯O and C−H⋯O interactions, forming \({R}_{2}^{1}\) R 2 1 (6) and \({R}_{2}^{2}\) R 2 2 (8) ring motifs, hence stabilizing the crystal packing. The evidence for the formation of strong hydrogen bonds through N−H⋯O interactions was confirmed by IR and density functional theory analysis. The significant contribution of H∙∙∙H, O∙∙∙H, C∙∙∙H and F…H intercontacts to 2D fingerprint plot confirms the importance of N−H⋯O, C−H⋯O and C−H⋯F (FLUPA) interactions in stabilizing the supramolecular assembly. The bowtie patterns with colored segments (red and blue) observed on the shape index diagram of FLUPA and MECPA suggested the existence of π⋯π stacking interactions which is further supported by the curvedness plots. A detailed analysis of the supramolecular packing of FLUPA and MECPA is presented.

Graphical abstract