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<p>Syngas, a gaseous amalgamation predominantly constituted of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>), presents a promising alternative to traditional hydrocarbon fuels utilized in internal combustion (IC) engines. Derived from a diverse array of feedstocks—including biomass, coal, and natural gas—syngas exhibits the potential to mitigate detrimental emissions such as CO<sub>2</sub>, SOx, and particulate matter, thereby rendering it a more environmentally sustainable fuel choice. Its compatibility with extant infrastructure further augments its practicality for imminent adoption. Notwithstanding these benefits, challenges persist in enhancing the efficiency of syngas production and addressing the elevated nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions that are associated with high-temperature combustion processes. This review meticulously scrutinizes the environmental advantages, feedstock adaptability, and integration of syngas within IC engines while underscoring the technical and operational constraints. Propelling syngas as a feasible low-emission fuel necessitates ongoing research into combustion optimization and emission control methodologies, thereby reinforcing its significance in prospective sustainable energy frameworks.</p>

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Sustainable fuel solutions: a comprehensive review of syngas in internal combustion engines

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月29日

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  • D. Christopher Selvam,
  • Yuvarajan Devarajan,
  • Beemkumar Nagappan,
  • Arpit Arora,
  • G. Madhan Kumar,
  • Debabrata Pradhan

摘要

Syngas, a gaseous amalgamation predominantly constituted of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2), presents a promising alternative to traditional hydrocarbon fuels utilized in internal combustion (IC) engines. Derived from a diverse array of feedstocks—including biomass, coal, and natural gas—syngas exhibits the potential to mitigate detrimental emissions such as CO2, SOx, and particulate matter, thereby rendering it a more environmentally sustainable fuel choice. Its compatibility with extant infrastructure further augments its practicality for imminent adoption. Notwithstanding these benefits, challenges persist in enhancing the efficiency of syngas production and addressing the elevated nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions that are associated with high-temperature combustion processes. This review meticulously scrutinizes the environmental advantages, feedstock adaptability, and integration of syngas within IC engines while underscoring the technical and operational constraints. Propelling syngas as a feasible low-emission fuel necessitates ongoing research into combustion optimization and emission control methodologies, thereby reinforcing its significance in prospective sustainable energy frameworks.