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<p>The development of energetic materials always involves a trade-off between sensitivity and performance. Replacing the common nitroamines with FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene) has led not only to a reduction in the sensitivity of explosive systems but also to an improvement in their detonation performance, which is why FOX-7 is the subject of numerous studies. Despite the widespread interest in FOX-7, it is difficult to consider FOX-7 an affordable substance due to its high price, which is associated with small-scale production. The present paper has reviewed the synthetic methods for FOX-7. Two main routes to FOX-7 are currently well-known: a synthetic protocol using imidazole derivatives and a synthetic protocol with 2-methyl-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine. The problems in the production of FOX-7 are discussed herein. The synthetic methods for imidazoles and 2-methyl-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine used are considered. The properties of FOX-7 and its relevance of use are briefly discussed.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Review on synthesis of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月13日

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  • Svetlana V. Strokova,
  • Maksim A. Lenskiy,
  • Sergey V. Sysolyatin,
  • Natalia A. Alekseeva,
  • Yuri A. Balakhnin,
  • Valeria V. Eremina,
  • Daria A. Kulagina,
  • Danil I. Koleno,
  • Andrey V. Ozhogin,
  • Anatoly S. Penkin,
  • Vitaly G. Uskov,
  • Elena Y. Shumilova

摘要

The development of energetic materials always involves a trade-off between sensitivity and performance. Replacing the common nitroamines with FOX-7 (1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene) has led not only to a reduction in the sensitivity of explosive systems but also to an improvement in their detonation performance, which is why FOX-7 is the subject of numerous studies. Despite the widespread interest in FOX-7, it is difficult to consider FOX-7 an affordable substance due to its high price, which is associated with small-scale production. The present paper has reviewed the synthetic methods for FOX-7. Two main routes to FOX-7 are currently well-known: a synthetic protocol using imidazole derivatives and a synthetic protocol with 2-methyl-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine. The problems in the production of FOX-7 are discussed herein. The synthetic methods for imidazoles and 2-methyl-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine used are considered. The properties of FOX-7 and its relevance of use are briefly discussed.

Graphical Abstract