Cystine coupled tyrosine modified disposable pencil graphite electrode for the simultaneous analysis of adenine and thymine

In the quest for better diagnostic tools for nucleic acid detection, the present study proposes an innovative approach using a disposable pencil graphite electrode modified with a unique combination of cystine-coupled tyrosine peptide chains. The devised electrochemical sensor has exceptional sensitivity and selectivity for determining adenine and thymine, two pivotal nucleobases. The disposable nature of the electrode increases its practicality and ease of use, while the synergistic interaction between the amino acids cystine and tyrosine contributes to better electrocatalytic activity, allowing precise and simultaneous analysis capabilities. The pencil graphite electrode was modified with cystine-coupled tyrosine using the electropolymerisation method. The potential selectivity of electropolymerization allows for the tailored development of polymers with specific functional group characteristics, offering a promising avenue for sensor development. The fabricated sensor exhibited cost-effectiveness, stability, selectivity, and versatility in detecting adenine and thymine.