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Abstract <p>Recent studies suggest bariatric surgery might protect against gallbladder cancer (GBC), but evidence is inconclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of cohort studies identified through PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Random-effects models generated pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran’s Q and I². Ten cohort studies totaling 3,929,395 participants were included. Bariatric surgery was associated with a significantly lower incidence of GBC (95% CI = 0.35–0.90), with moderate heterogeneity (<i>P</i> = 0.014; I²=56.5%). Leave-one-out sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness. In the subgroup analyses by the size of the surgical sample, the pooled HR was 0.45 (95% CI = 0.28–0.74) for less than 50,000. In the subgroup analyses by analysis method, the pooled HR was 0.48 (95% CI = 0.25–0.94) for Univariate analysis. Moreover, in studies with Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS), HR was 0.6 (95% CI = 0.43–0.83) for more than 6 points. Overall, bariatric surgery may reduce GBC risk, but effects vary by region, sample size, confounding adjustment, and study quality.</p> Key Points <p>•<i> Bariatric surgery is associated with a reduced risk of GBC in people living with obesity.</i></p> <p>•<i> The protective association is more evident in specific subgroups and remains robust across sensitivity analyses.</i></p> <p>•<i> Larger, long-term RCTs are required to confrm benefts.</i></p>

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The Relationship Between Bariatric Surgery and Gallbladder Cancer (GBC): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Chao hu,
  • Zhonghui Jiang,
  • Fei Lu,
  • Xuyang Liu

摘要

Abstract

Recent studies suggest bariatric surgery might protect against gallbladder cancer (GBC), but evidence is inconclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of cohort studies identified through PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Random-effects models generated pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran’s Q and I². Ten cohort studies totaling 3,929,395 participants were included. Bariatric surgery was associated with a significantly lower incidence of GBC (95% CI = 0.35–0.90), with moderate heterogeneity (P = 0.014; I²=56.5%). Leave-one-out sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness. In the subgroup analyses by the size of the surgical sample, the pooled HR was 0.45 (95% CI = 0.28–0.74) for less than 50,000. In the subgroup analyses by analysis method, the pooled HR was 0.48 (95% CI = 0.25–0.94) for Univariate analysis. Moreover, in studies with Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS), HR was 0.6 (95% CI = 0.43–0.83) for more than 6 points. Overall, bariatric surgery may reduce GBC risk, but effects vary by region, sample size, confounding adjustment, and study quality.

Key Points

• Bariatric surgery is associated with a reduced risk of GBC in people living with obesity.

• The protective association is more evident in specific subgroups and remains robust across sensitivity analyses.

• Larger, long-term RCTs are required to confrm benefts.