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<p>Industrial potato wastewater is a starch-rich by-product that can be utilized for the production of sustainable biomaterials. In this study, starch was recovered from industrial cutting-line wastewater and utilized as a raw material for starch-based hydrogel production. The recovered waste starch exhibited a higher protein content (1.32 ± 0.12&#xa0;g/100&#xa0;g DM), lower amylose content (23.13 ± 0.10%), and greater yellowness (<i>b</i>* = 16.21) compared to commercial starch, indicating the influence of processing residues. Hydrogels were synthesized via a sol–gel method using calcium chloride (CaCl₂) as a physical crosslinker, and key processing parameters (temperature, time, and solution-to-solid ratio) were optimized using response surface methodology (Box–Behnken design) to maximize swelling performance. The developed quadratic model was statistically significant (R² = 0.98, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and predicted that the hydrogel could reach approximately a 6.05-fold increase in weight under the optimized conditions. Structural, morphological, and thermal characterization confirmed successful network formation and improved material stability. FTIR spectra showed spectral changes consistent with hydrogen bonding and Ca²⁺ mediated interactions between starch chains, while XRD patterns indicated a reduction in crystalline order. TGA and DSC analyses demonstrated enhanced thermal stability and modified gelatinization behavior. SEM micrographs displayed a uniform porous morphology facilitating water uptake. Unlike previous approaches mainly focusing on whole potato by-products, this work specifically targets starch recovered from wastewater and evaluates its performance through systematic material characterization and process optimization. Overall, the results demonstrate that waste-derived starch can be efficiently converted into hydrogels with properties comparable to commercial counterparts, highlighting their potential as sustainable starch-based material matrices for future food and bioactive delivery applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Valorization of industrial potato wastewater: sustainable production and optimization of starch-based hydrogels from recovered starch

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Zülal Aksoy Caf,
  • Seda Ersus

摘要

Industrial potato wastewater is a starch-rich by-product that can be utilized for the production of sustainable biomaterials. In this study, starch was recovered from industrial cutting-line wastewater and utilized as a raw material for starch-based hydrogel production. The recovered waste starch exhibited a higher protein content (1.32 ± 0.12 g/100 g DM), lower amylose content (23.13 ± 0.10%), and greater yellowness (b* = 16.21) compared to commercial starch, indicating the influence of processing residues. Hydrogels were synthesized via a sol–gel method using calcium chloride (CaCl₂) as a physical crosslinker, and key processing parameters (temperature, time, and solution-to-solid ratio) were optimized using response surface methodology (Box–Behnken design) to maximize swelling performance. The developed quadratic model was statistically significant (R² = 0.98, p < 0.0001) and predicted that the hydrogel could reach approximately a 6.05-fold increase in weight under the optimized conditions. Structural, morphological, and thermal characterization confirmed successful network formation and improved material stability. FTIR spectra showed spectral changes consistent with hydrogen bonding and Ca²⁺ mediated interactions between starch chains, while XRD patterns indicated a reduction in crystalline order. TGA and DSC analyses demonstrated enhanced thermal stability and modified gelatinization behavior. SEM micrographs displayed a uniform porous morphology facilitating water uptake. Unlike previous approaches mainly focusing on whole potato by-products, this work specifically targets starch recovered from wastewater and evaluates its performance through systematic material characterization and process optimization. Overall, the results demonstrate that waste-derived starch can be efficiently converted into hydrogels with properties comparable to commercial counterparts, highlighting their potential as sustainable starch-based material matrices for future food and bioactive delivery applications.

Graphical abstract