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<p>This study reports the development of a biodegradable pH-sensitive intelligent film composed of sodium alginate (SA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and butterfly pea flower extract (BPFE) for real-time monitoring of chicken freshness. The results showed that TAC, TPC, TFC, and DPPH scavenging activity of BPFE varied between 24.7- 60.4&#xa0;mg CGE/g DW, 22.0–47.6&#xa0;mg GAE/g DW, 48.2–73.3&#xa0;mg QE/g DW, and 67.2–77.3%, respectively. GC-MS Analysis revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds. The optimized film (1.29&#xa0;g sodium alginate, 0.99&#xa0;g CMC, and 20 mL BPFE) exhibited good film-forming properties, distinct pH-responsive color transitions, and altered surface morphology, as confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. The film was evaluated as a non-contact freshness indicator for raw chicken stored at 20&#xa0;°C and 4&#xa0;°C. The observed spoilage trends were consistent with FSSAI guidelines, which state that poultry meat with pH values above 6.4 and microbial counts exceeding 5.0 × 10⁶ CFU/g is unsafe for consumption. Spoilage progression was rapid at room temperature but significantly delayed under refrigeration. Overall, the developed intelligent film offers a sustainable, reliable, and consumer-friendly approach for real-time freshness monitoring of perishable meat products.</p>

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Intelligent pH-sensitive film enriched with butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) extract for monitoring chicken freshness

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Arshi Siddiqui,
  • Navin Chandra Shahi,
  • Ashutosh Dubey,
  • Rajiv Singh,
  • Praveen Vikram Singh,
  • Aniket Chikara,
  • Ankita Dobhal,
  • Afzal Hussain,
  • Bon Heun Koo,
  • Sanjay Kumar

摘要

This study reports the development of a biodegradable pH-sensitive intelligent film composed of sodium alginate (SA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and butterfly pea flower extract (BPFE) for real-time monitoring of chicken freshness. The results showed that TAC, TPC, TFC, and DPPH scavenging activity of BPFE varied between 24.7- 60.4 mg CGE/g DW, 22.0–47.6 mg GAE/g DW, 48.2–73.3 mg QE/g DW, and 67.2–77.3%, respectively. GC-MS Analysis revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds. The optimized film (1.29 g sodium alginate, 0.99 g CMC, and 20 mL BPFE) exhibited good film-forming properties, distinct pH-responsive color transitions, and altered surface morphology, as confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. The film was evaluated as a non-contact freshness indicator for raw chicken stored at 20 °C and 4 °C. The observed spoilage trends were consistent with FSSAI guidelines, which state that poultry meat with pH values above 6.4 and microbial counts exceeding 5.0 × 10⁶ CFU/g is unsafe for consumption. Spoilage progression was rapid at room temperature but significantly delayed under refrigeration. Overall, the developed intelligent film offers a sustainable, reliable, and consumer-friendly approach for real-time freshness monitoring of perishable meat products.