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<p>This study investigated the extraction of total flavonoid content (TFC) and total polyphenol content (TPC) from <i>Illicium verum</i>. Single-factor experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of extraction parameters on both TFC and TPC. While flavonoid recovery was assessed under varying conditions to determine suitable extraction ranges, polyphenol extraction was further optimized using response surface methodology. In addition, ultrasound treatment and cellulase pretreatment were applied to enhance polyphenol yield. The optimal extraction conditions were identified as a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:19.3 (g/mL), temperature of 50&#xa0;°C, and extraction time of 1&#xa0;h. Under these conditions, TPC reached 26.98&#xa0;mg GAE/g dry extract, closely matching the predicted value (26.93&#xa0;mg GAE/g DE). Ultrasound treatment (20&#xa0;min) and cellulase pretreatment (3%) further enhanced TPC to 38.15&#xa0;mg GAE/g, representing a 1.4-fold increase compared to the optimized extraction alone. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited strong antioxidant activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 4.15 µL/mL, significantly lower than that of the crude extract (67.85 µL/mL). The extract also showed inhibition zones of 10.5&#xa0;mm and 11.2&#xa0;mm against <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>.</p>

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Optimization of bioactive compounds extraction from star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f.) using response surface methodology and evaluation of its biological activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Mai Huynh Cang,
  • Bui Tran Thanh Thao,
  • Nguyen Thi Ngoc Quyen,
  • Tran Do Dat

摘要

This study investigated the extraction of total flavonoid content (TFC) and total polyphenol content (TPC) from Illicium verum. Single-factor experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of extraction parameters on both TFC and TPC. While flavonoid recovery was assessed under varying conditions to determine suitable extraction ranges, polyphenol extraction was further optimized using response surface methodology. In addition, ultrasound treatment and cellulase pretreatment were applied to enhance polyphenol yield. The optimal extraction conditions were identified as a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:19.3 (g/mL), temperature of 50 °C, and extraction time of 1 h. Under these conditions, TPC reached 26.98 mg GAE/g dry extract, closely matching the predicted value (26.93 mg GAE/g DE). Ultrasound treatment (20 min) and cellulase pretreatment (3%) further enhanced TPC to 38.15 mg GAE/g, representing a 1.4-fold increase compared to the optimized extraction alone. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 4.15 µL/mL, significantly lower than that of the crude extract (67.85 µL/mL). The extract also showed inhibition zones of 10.5 mm and 11.2 mm against E. coli and S. aureus.