Scholarlink

<p>This study reports the synthesis, characterization, and anticancer evaluation of silica-based sol–gel nanoparticles encapsulating <i>Carum carvi</i> L. essential oil (CCE-NC) using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a templating agent. The nanoparticles exhibited an average hydrodynamic diameter of 191 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.26, and a zeta potential of − 29.03 mV. TEM and SEM analyses suggested the formation of predominantly spherical silica nanoparticles, although some degree of aggregation was observed. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 78.6 ± 3.4%, and drug loading (DL) was 18.9 ± 1.2%, indicating efficient incorporation of the essential oil into the silica matrix. Cytotoxicity assays against HepG2, AGS, and HT-29 cancer cells, alongside normal HFF fibroblasts, showed that CCE-NC reduced cancer cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with IC₅₀ values of 23.08, 48.4, and 85.2 µg/mL, respectively, while sparing normal HFF cells (IC₅₀ ≈ 312 µg/mL), indicating selective anticancer activity. DAPI staining revealed chromatin condensation and apoptotic body formation in treated HepG2 cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry confirmed a concentration-dependent increase in early and late apoptotic cells, reaching 92.8% at the highest dose. qRT-PCR analysis showed significant upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes BAX and p53 and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, suggesting the involvement of apoptosis-related signaling pathways. These findings indicate that CCE-NC selectively induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells while exhibiting minimal effects on normal cells, highlighting its potential as a natural silica-based nanoformulation for cancer therapy.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Silica-based nanocapsulation of Carum carvi essential oil induces apoptosis in cancer cells with changes in BAX, Bcl-2, and p53 expression

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月20日

查看全文
  • Hengameh Hassanpour Mashhadi,
  • Ehsan Karimi,
  • Fatemeh F. Bamoharram,
  • Ehsan Oskoueian

摘要

This study reports the synthesis, characterization, and anticancer evaluation of silica-based sol–gel nanoparticles encapsulating Carum carvi L. essential oil (CCE-NC) using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a templating agent. The nanoparticles exhibited an average hydrodynamic diameter of 191 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.26, and a zeta potential of − 29.03 mV. TEM and SEM analyses suggested the formation of predominantly spherical silica nanoparticles, although some degree of aggregation was observed. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 78.6 ± 3.4%, and drug loading (DL) was 18.9 ± 1.2%, indicating efficient incorporation of the essential oil into the silica matrix. Cytotoxicity assays against HepG2, AGS, and HT-29 cancer cells, alongside normal HFF fibroblasts, showed that CCE-NC reduced cancer cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with IC₅₀ values of 23.08, 48.4, and 85.2 µg/mL, respectively, while sparing normal HFF cells (IC₅₀ ≈ 312 µg/mL), indicating selective anticancer activity. DAPI staining revealed chromatin condensation and apoptotic body formation in treated HepG2 cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry confirmed a concentration-dependent increase in early and late apoptotic cells, reaching 92.8% at the highest dose. qRT-PCR analysis showed significant upregulation of pro-apoptotic genes BAX and p53 and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, suggesting the involvement of apoptosis-related signaling pathways. These findings indicate that CCE-NC selectively induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells while exhibiting minimal effects on normal cells, highlighting its potential as a natural silica-based nanoformulation for cancer therapy.