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<p>Traditional heterogeneous extraction process of κ-carrageenan treated with NaOH (NaOH-KC) has problems such as being a cumbersome process, with high water and alkali consumption. To address these issues, low-concentration KOH was used to treat <i>Eucheuma muricatum</i> under a homogeneous system for κ-carrageenan extraction, followed by CO<sub>2</sub> neutralization to generate KHCO<sub>3</sub>. This resulted in the salting-out of κ-carrageenan and subsequent gel formation. The physicochemical properties showed that the gel strength of KOH-KC increased to 1198.1&#xa0;g/cm<sup>2</sup>, and sulfate content of KOH-KC was decreased to 15.6%, promoting the transformation of precursor substances into κ-carrageenan and enhancing the gel strength. Infrared spectroscopy showed no structural differences between κ-carrageenan extracted using different processes, while thermal stability analysis indicated that KOH-KC had a lower decomposition temperature than NaOH-KC, owing to its lower molecular weight. Rheological properties indicated that the gel properties of KOH-KC were higher than those of NaOH-KC, reflecting its lower sulfate content. The consumption of alkali and water in the production process was reduced by 55.2% and 52.1%, and the wastewater generation was reduced by 66.7%. The operation duration was shortened by 4&#xa0;h. The cost accounting results indicated that the extraction process is efficient, economical and environmentally friendly.</p>

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Homogeneous extraction of κ-carrageenan using low concentration of KOH treatment and their characterizations: KOH concentrations, pH effect, and carrageenan concentrations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Xuewei Liu,
  • Xinyi Wang,
  • Qiong Xiao,
  • Fuquan Chen,
  • Huifen Weng,
  • Qiuming Yang,
  • Jun Chen,
  • Anfeng Xiao

摘要

Traditional heterogeneous extraction process of κ-carrageenan treated with NaOH (NaOH-KC) has problems such as being a cumbersome process, with high water and alkali consumption. To address these issues, low-concentration KOH was used to treat Eucheuma muricatum under a homogeneous system for κ-carrageenan extraction, followed by CO2 neutralization to generate KHCO3. This resulted in the salting-out of κ-carrageenan and subsequent gel formation. The physicochemical properties showed that the gel strength of KOH-KC increased to 1198.1 g/cm2, and sulfate content of KOH-KC was decreased to 15.6%, promoting the transformation of precursor substances into κ-carrageenan and enhancing the gel strength. Infrared spectroscopy showed no structural differences between κ-carrageenan extracted using different processes, while thermal stability analysis indicated that KOH-KC had a lower decomposition temperature than NaOH-KC, owing to its lower molecular weight. Rheological properties indicated that the gel properties of KOH-KC were higher than those of NaOH-KC, reflecting its lower sulfate content. The consumption of alkali and water in the production process was reduced by 55.2% and 52.1%, and the wastewater generation was reduced by 66.7%. The operation duration was shortened by 4 h. The cost accounting results indicated that the extraction process is efficient, economical and environmentally friendly.