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<p>Aflatoxins, primarily produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, pose persistent threats to food safety, public health, and international trade, particularly in cereal commodities. Conventional analytical techniques (HPLC, LC-MS, immunoassays) offer high accuracy but require expensive instrumentation, skilled operators, and laboratory infrastructure, limiting their use for rapid on-site monitoring. Recent advances in biosensor technologies, including aptamer-based sensors, enzymatic sensors, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensors, and electrochemical and optical platforms, provide promising alternatives with high sensitivity, operational simplicity, portability, and short analysis times. This review summarizes recent progress across these major biosensor categories for aflatoxin detection in grains, with special emphasis on nanomaterial-assisted signal enhancement, matrix effects in cereal samples, and practical challenges related to sensor stability, reusability, and field deployment. Key advances in immunosensors, aptasensors, and bioelectrochemical systems are highlighted, along with a comparison to conventional chromatographic methods in terms of cost, infrastructure needs, and applicability in resource-limited settings. Finally, current research gaps, like improving detection limits, sensor robustness, and commercialization potential, are discussed to guide future development.</p>

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Application of biosensors in aflatoxin detection of grains: a comprehensive review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Leila Zare,
  • Javaneh Karimi,
  • Zahra Teymouri,
  • Sahand Sohrabi,
  • Mojtaba Heydari-Majd,
  • Sima Tahmouzi,
  • Hadiseh Ebdali,
  • Ehsan Sadeghi,
  • Neda Mollakhalili-Meybodi

摘要

Aflatoxins, primarily produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, pose persistent threats to food safety, public health, and international trade, particularly in cereal commodities. Conventional analytical techniques (HPLC, LC-MS, immunoassays) offer high accuracy but require expensive instrumentation, skilled operators, and laboratory infrastructure, limiting their use for rapid on-site monitoring. Recent advances in biosensor technologies, including aptamer-based sensors, enzymatic sensors, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensors, and electrochemical and optical platforms, provide promising alternatives with high sensitivity, operational simplicity, portability, and short analysis times. This review summarizes recent progress across these major biosensor categories for aflatoxin detection in grains, with special emphasis on nanomaterial-assisted signal enhancement, matrix effects in cereal samples, and practical challenges related to sensor stability, reusability, and field deployment. Key advances in immunosensors, aptasensors, and bioelectrochemical systems are highlighted, along with a comparison to conventional chromatographic methods in terms of cost, infrastructure needs, and applicability in resource-limited settings. Finally, current research gaps, like improving detection limits, sensor robustness, and commercialization potential, are discussed to guide future development.