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<p>Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are essential trace elements for human health, regulating red blood cells and key metabolites. Deficiency in these micronutrients can lead to anemia (Fe deficiency) and hypozincemia (Zn deficiency). Microgreens can be an excellent choice for nutrient biofortification due to their short growth cycle, low space and input requirements, low cost of production, and high nutritional value. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Fe and Zn biofortification on growth, nutrient contents, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant compounds in the microgreens of purple rice. Shoot height, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight of Kamkanya (KK) and Riceberry (RB) rice genotypes were significantly increased under Fe treatment compared with the control. Both Fe and Zn contents in rice microgreens were enriched through their respective treatments, leading to anthocyanin stabilization. The Fe contents in KK (121.1&#xa0;μg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> dry weight) and RB (91.9&#xa0;μg&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> dry weight) under 0.2&#xa0;mM Fe treatment were increased by 3.47- and 2.26-fold, respectively, compared with the control. This enrichment was associated with enhanced total carotenoids, total tocopherols, photosynthetic pigments, and photosynthetic abilities. Maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub>) and photon yield of photosystem II (Φ<sub>PSII</sub>) were decreased in rice microgreens under Zn treatment; therefore, anthocyanin and total flavonoids were stabilized. Exogenous Fe and Zn applications in rice microgreens enhance Fe and Zn contents and antioxidant compounds, supporting its potential for microgreen biofortification.</p>

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Enhancing iron and zinc biofortification and antioxidant compounds in pigmented rice microgreens via exogenous application of FeSO4 and ZnSO4 under controlled environments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月30日

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  • Rujira Tisarum,
  • Daonapa Chungloo,
  • Kewalee Saimi,
  • Thanyaporn Sotesaritkul,
  • Mingkwan Cha-um,
  • Sushil Kumar Himanshu,
  • Avishek Datta,
  • Suriyan Cha-um

摘要

Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are essential trace elements for human health, regulating red blood cells and key metabolites. Deficiency in these micronutrients can lead to anemia (Fe deficiency) and hypozincemia (Zn deficiency). Microgreens can be an excellent choice for nutrient biofortification due to their short growth cycle, low space and input requirements, low cost of production, and high nutritional value. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of Fe and Zn biofortification on growth, nutrient contents, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant compounds in the microgreens of purple rice. Shoot height, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight of Kamkanya (KK) and Riceberry (RB) rice genotypes were significantly increased under Fe treatment compared with the control. Both Fe and Zn contents in rice microgreens were enriched through their respective treatments, leading to anthocyanin stabilization. The Fe contents in KK (121.1 μg g−1 dry weight) and RB (91.9 μg g−1 dry weight) under 0.2 mM Fe treatment were increased by 3.47- and 2.26-fold, respectively, compared with the control. This enrichment was associated with enhanced total carotenoids, total tocopherols, photosynthetic pigments, and photosynthetic abilities. Maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and photon yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) were decreased in rice microgreens under Zn treatment; therefore, anthocyanin and total flavonoids were stabilized. Exogenous Fe and Zn applications in rice microgreens enhance Fe and Zn contents and antioxidant compounds, supporting its potential for microgreen biofortification.