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<p>High-pressure homogenization (HPH), a representative non-thermal technology, shows promise for juice processing. This study systematically compared the effects of high-pressure homogenization (150&#xa0;MPa/10&#xa0;min) and thermal pasteurization (TP, 85&#xa0;°C/10&#xa0;min) on tomato juice quality through microbial assessment, physicochemical characterization, and untargeted metabolomics. Results demonstrated that HPH achieved a 3-log reduction in microbial load while substantially preserving quality attributes. HPH-treated juice retained 83.66% of ascorbic acid, accompanied by 13.59% and 18.15% increases in total polyphenols and lycopene, respectively. These corresponded to reduced color alteration (ΔE 1.58) and a lower browning index (BI 0.076). Additionally, HPH markedly enhanced physical stability, as evidenced by a 55.83% decrease in median particle size (D<sub>50</sub>) and a 51.74% increase in sedimentation index (SI). Metabolomic profiling revealed that the overall metabolic profile of HPH-treated juice more closely resembled that of fresh juice compared to TP-treated juice. KEGG enrichment analysis identified five metabolic pathways as significantly altered in HPH-treated samples, including phenylpropanoid metabolism. This pathway showed increased levels of phenolic compounds such as 2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, anacardic acid, and gallocatechin. Additionally, pathways related to cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis, as well as fatty acid metabolism, were found to be enriched in HPH-treated samples. In contrast, TP treatment showed markers of fatty acid oxidation (coronaric acid, beta-ionone) and reduced levels of antioxidants (L-threonic acid, oxidized glutathione (GSSG)). These findings provide integrated insights into the quality-promoting effects of HPH on tomato juice, offering a theoretical basis for its application in clean-label juice production.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Comparative evaluation of high pressure homogenization and pasteurization on the quality and metabolomic profile of tomato juice

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Limei Li,
  • Jianbin Ma,
  • Hang Su,
  • Chen Song,
  • Lan Chen,
  • Xiang Li,
  • Liping Qiao,
  • Jitian Song

摘要

High-pressure homogenization (HPH), a representative non-thermal technology, shows promise for juice processing. This study systematically compared the effects of high-pressure homogenization (150 MPa/10 min) and thermal pasteurization (TP, 85 °C/10 min) on tomato juice quality through microbial assessment, physicochemical characterization, and untargeted metabolomics. Results demonstrated that HPH achieved a 3-log reduction in microbial load while substantially preserving quality attributes. HPH-treated juice retained 83.66% of ascorbic acid, accompanied by 13.59% and 18.15% increases in total polyphenols and lycopene, respectively. These corresponded to reduced color alteration (ΔE 1.58) and a lower browning index (BI 0.076). Additionally, HPH markedly enhanced physical stability, as evidenced by a 55.83% decrease in median particle size (D50) and a 51.74% increase in sedimentation index (SI). Metabolomic profiling revealed that the overall metabolic profile of HPH-treated juice more closely resembled that of fresh juice compared to TP-treated juice. KEGG enrichment analysis identified five metabolic pathways as significantly altered in HPH-treated samples, including phenylpropanoid metabolism. This pathway showed increased levels of phenolic compounds such as 2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, anacardic acid, and gallocatechin. Additionally, pathways related to cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis, as well as fatty acid metabolism, were found to be enriched in HPH-treated samples. In contrast, TP treatment showed markers of fatty acid oxidation (coronaric acid, beta-ionone) and reduced levels of antioxidants (L-threonic acid, oxidized glutathione (GSSG)). These findings provide integrated insights into the quality-promoting effects of HPH on tomato juice, offering a theoretical basis for its application in clean-label juice production.

Graphical abstract