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<p>This research explores the potential of hydroponics in sustainable agriculture to address global food demand, with a focus on choy sum, a nutrient-rich leafy vegetable widely consumed in Malaysia. The physicochemical, nutritional, antioxidant, and sensory attributes of hydroponically grown choy sum (HCS) using the Kratky method were compared with soil-grown choy sum (SCS). Nutritional analysis observed higher measured levels of total dietary fiber (TDF), calcium, and vitamin C in HCS. Particularly in HCS (22.63%), where TDF was approximately 157% higher than that of SCS (8.82%), while vitamin C content (85.08&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g DW) was nearly three-fold greater than in SCS (29.00&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;g DW). Phytochemical analysis revealed comparable total carotenoid content (TCC), but the total phenolic content (TPC) in HCS was significantly 20% lower than in SCS. Antioxidant analysis showed similar DPPH free radical scavenging activity in HCS and SCS. Sensory evaluation did not detect statistically significant differences in overall sensory attributes, suggesting comparable preference between HCS and SCS, except for color perception. In conclusion, this preliminary study suggests that HCS exhibited higher total dietary fiber, calcium, and vitamin C contents compared to SCS, while showing comparable total chlorophyll content, antioxidant activity, and sensory qualities. These findings should be interpreted as preliminary and warrant further validation under controlled conditions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Comparative study of physicochemical, nutritional, antioxidant, and sensory qualities of hydroponically grown and soil-grown choy sum (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis var. parachinensis)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Emily Wan Tyn Sia,
  • Sook Wah Chan,
  • Nallammai Singaram,
  • Chen Hau Liew,
  • Pek Kui Lim

摘要

This research explores the potential of hydroponics in sustainable agriculture to address global food demand, with a focus on choy sum, a nutrient-rich leafy vegetable widely consumed in Malaysia. The physicochemical, nutritional, antioxidant, and sensory attributes of hydroponically grown choy sum (HCS) using the Kratky method were compared with soil-grown choy sum (SCS). Nutritional analysis observed higher measured levels of total dietary fiber (TDF), calcium, and vitamin C in HCS. Particularly in HCS (22.63%), where TDF was approximately 157% higher than that of SCS (8.82%), while vitamin C content (85.08 mg/100 g DW) was nearly three-fold greater than in SCS (29.00 mg/100 g DW). Phytochemical analysis revealed comparable total carotenoid content (TCC), but the total phenolic content (TPC) in HCS was significantly 20% lower than in SCS. Antioxidant analysis showed similar DPPH free radical scavenging activity in HCS and SCS. Sensory evaluation did not detect statistically significant differences in overall sensory attributes, suggesting comparable preference between HCS and SCS, except for color perception. In conclusion, this preliminary study suggests that HCS exhibited higher total dietary fiber, calcium, and vitamin C contents compared to SCS, while showing comparable total chlorophyll content, antioxidant activity, and sensory qualities. These findings should be interpreted as preliminary and warrant further validation under controlled conditions.

Graphical abstract