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<p>The present study provides the first insights into the biological activities and chemical profile of the newly described desert truffle <i>Tirmania sahariensis</i>. The bioactive properties of <i>T. sahariensis</i> were investigated, focusing on its antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antimicrobial, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays, revealing that the ethyl acetate extract exhibited stronger DPPH scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 158.12&#xa0;µg/mL) and higher FRAP reducing power (A₀.₅₀ = 72.40&#xa0;µg/mL) than the methanolic extract. In contrast, the methanolic extract showed greater activity in the CUPRAC assay (A₀.₅₀ = 208.19&#xa0;µg/mL). Both extracts displayed acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity comparable to that of the reference control. While the methanolic extract exhibited limited antimicrobial effects, the ethyl acetate extract showed strong in vitro antimicrobial activity under the tested conditions, particularly against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (50.33&#xa0;mm) and <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (30&#xa0;mm), as well as notable antifungal activity against <i>Candida albicans</i> (40.33&#xa0;mm). In addition, both extracts demonstrated moderate anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils, with the ethyl acetate extract showing slightly stronger effects. The chemical composition of <i>T. sahariensis</i> was characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), revealing major constituents such as pentanoic acid 2-phenylethyl ester (18.27%) and spathulenol (16.88%), while viridiflorol (1.22%) was detected as a minor component. Notably, this study reports for the first time the presence of spathulenol, globulol, apiol, and viridiflorol in desert truffles. The total phenolic content was comparable between the methanolic extract (24.09&#xa0;µg GAE/mg) and the ethyl acetate extract (24.39&#xa0;µg GAE/mg), whereas the methanolic extract exhibited a significantly higher flavonoid content (44.44&#xa0;µg QE/mg) than the ethyl acetate extract (31.80&#xa0;µg QE/mg). A correlation was observed between flavonoid content and antioxidant (DPPH and CUPRAC) as well as acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities, suggesting a contribution of these compounds to the observed bioactivities. Overall, these findings highlight <i>T. sahariensis</i> as a promising source of natural bioactive compounds with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, warranting further investigation using cellular and in vivo models.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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First assessment of the bioactive content of the edible desert truffle Tirmania sahariensis with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Samir Neggaz,
  • Michal Korinek,
  • Mohamed El-Shazly,
  • Chawki Bensouici,
  • Fatima El Haouaria Zitouni-Haouar,
  • Malika Gherram,
  • Tsong-Long Hwang,
  • Xavier Fernandez

摘要

The present study provides the first insights into the biological activities and chemical profile of the newly described desert truffle Tirmania sahariensis. The bioactive properties of T. sahariensis were investigated, focusing on its antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antimicrobial, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays, revealing that the ethyl acetate extract exhibited stronger DPPH scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 158.12 µg/mL) and higher FRAP reducing power (A₀.₅₀ = 72.40 µg/mL) than the methanolic extract. In contrast, the methanolic extract showed greater activity in the CUPRAC assay (A₀.₅₀ = 208.19 µg/mL). Both extracts displayed acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity comparable to that of the reference control. While the methanolic extract exhibited limited antimicrobial effects, the ethyl acetate extract showed strong in vitro antimicrobial activity under the tested conditions, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus (50.33 mm) and Enterococcus faecalis (30 mm), as well as notable antifungal activity against Candida albicans (40.33 mm). In addition, both extracts demonstrated moderate anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils, with the ethyl acetate extract showing slightly stronger effects. The chemical composition of T. sahariensis was characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), revealing major constituents such as pentanoic acid 2-phenylethyl ester (18.27%) and spathulenol (16.88%), while viridiflorol (1.22%) was detected as a minor component. Notably, this study reports for the first time the presence of spathulenol, globulol, apiol, and viridiflorol in desert truffles. The total phenolic content was comparable between the methanolic extract (24.09 µg GAE/mg) and the ethyl acetate extract (24.39 µg GAE/mg), whereas the methanolic extract exhibited a significantly higher flavonoid content (44.44 µg QE/mg) than the ethyl acetate extract (31.80 µg QE/mg). A correlation was observed between flavonoid content and antioxidant (DPPH and CUPRAC) as well as acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities, suggesting a contribution of these compounds to the observed bioactivities. Overall, these findings highlight T. sahariensis as a promising source of natural bioactive compounds with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, warranting further investigation using cellular and in vivo models.

Graphical Abstract