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<p>This study investigated the optimal structure of polysaccharides extracted from curry leaves (CLP) as antioxidants (e.g., DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays), antidiabetic (e.g., α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitions) and antihypertensive (e.g., ACE inhibition) activities using response surface methodology. The usage of microwave irradiation shows a positive effect on the biological activities of CLP, while the extraction time, percentage of DES, and solid-to-buffer ratio exhibited a response-specific influence on the response. Conversely, the use of a longer chain of DES (1,2-ethanediol-1,5-pentanediol) as an extraction medium demonstrated a significant negative effect on the bioactivities of CLPs, indicating the strong bioactivities of polysaccharides may be favorable in a highly polar solvent. The structural characteristics showed that CLPs are acidic-like polysaccharides (pH 4.38–5.19), weak gel formation (viscosity: 11.66–13.97&#xa0;mPa.s) and low molecular weight (19.60–25.09&#xa0;kDa), polydispersity value (1.09–1.21) and degree of polymerization (111–140). The monosaccharide compositions revealed that the CLPs consisted of rhamnose, galactose, xylose and arabinose with variations in molar ratios. The Congo red analysis showed that the CLPs are non-triple helix structural conformations. Overall, the influence of extraction conditions and structural characterizations of CLPs are comprehensively discussed and linked to their respective optimal biological activities.</p>

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Characterization and structure–activity relationships of curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L.) polysaccharides towards optimized antioxidant, antidiabetic and antihypertensive activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月7日

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  • Muhammad Hasnun Md Yusoff,
  • Muhammad Hakimin Shafie

摘要

This study investigated the optimal structure of polysaccharides extracted from curry leaves (CLP) as antioxidants (e.g., DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays), antidiabetic (e.g., α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitions) and antihypertensive (e.g., ACE inhibition) activities using response surface methodology. The usage of microwave irradiation shows a positive effect on the biological activities of CLP, while the extraction time, percentage of DES, and solid-to-buffer ratio exhibited a response-specific influence on the response. Conversely, the use of a longer chain of DES (1,2-ethanediol-1,5-pentanediol) as an extraction medium demonstrated a significant negative effect on the bioactivities of CLPs, indicating the strong bioactivities of polysaccharides may be favorable in a highly polar solvent. The structural characteristics showed that CLPs are acidic-like polysaccharides (pH 4.38–5.19), weak gel formation (viscosity: 11.66–13.97 mPa.s) and low molecular weight (19.60–25.09 kDa), polydispersity value (1.09–1.21) and degree of polymerization (111–140). The monosaccharide compositions revealed that the CLPs consisted of rhamnose, galactose, xylose and arabinose with variations in molar ratios. The Congo red analysis showed that the CLPs are non-triple helix structural conformations. Overall, the influence of extraction conditions and structural characterizations of CLPs are comprehensively discussed and linked to their respective optimal biological activities.