<p>Red, purple, and black pigmented grains have gained increasing attention as plant-based foods due to their rich bioactive compound content and associated health-promoting properties. These grain species are rich in biochromes (anthocyanins, flavonoids, etc.) that give them their unique colors. These bioactive compounds are the focus of scientific research due to their biological activities, particularly antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer potential. Pigmented grains, in addition to being a source of essential nutrients, have been reported to contribute to metabolic health, reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, and support immune function. This review discusses the bioactive compounds found in pigmented cereals and their biological effects on human health. In this context, the study aims to support multidisciplinary research efforts and contribute to the development of sustainable, functional, and nutraceutical food products.</p>