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<p>The excessive reliance on petroleum-based plastics in food packaging poses significant environmental challenges, necessitating the exploration of sustainable biopolymer alternatives. In this study, bio-composite films were developed using <i>Acanthocereus tetragonus</i> (cactus) mucilage (CM) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with glycerol as a plasticizer via solution casting. The physicochemical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the films were systematically evaluated. Film thickness ranged between 0.157 and 0.179&#xa0;mm across different CM/HPMC ratios, while color analysis revealed increasing yellowness (b* up to 19.74) with higher CM content. ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed hydrogen bonding interactions between CM and HPMC, supporting matrix compatibility. Mechanical testing showed tensile strength (TS) decreasing from 10.29&#xa0;MPa in control HPMC films to 2.23&#xa0;MPa in CM: HPMC (70:30), while elongation at break declined from 38.04% to 3.8%. Water solubility increased significantly with CM incorporation, from 37.79% (control) to 64.37% (CM: HPMC 70:30), demonstrating enhanced hydrophilicity. Contact angle analysis indicated reduced hydrophobicity with CM addition. XRD patterns revealed amorphous structures, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed multi-stage degradation with maximum weight losses at 217&#xa0;°C, 308&#xa0;°C, and 488&#xa0;°C, and increasing char residue (up to 10%). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) highlighted improved miscibility at intermediate CM/HPMC ratios. SEM micrographs exhibited smooth and uniform morphologies at low CM content, while higher concentrations led to slight phase separation. Overall, the incorporation of cactus mucilage enhanced water solubility and biodegradability but reduced tensile strength, indicating potential application as biodegradable food packaging films where moderate barrier properties and eco-friendliness are prioritized.</p>

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Acanthocereus tetragonus mucilage and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose-based biofilm for packaging applications: a sustainable alternatives to single use plastic

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Anil C. Ranveer,
  • Bhushan Meshram,
  • Shivam Sawarn,
  • Shefali Tripathi,
  • Samiksha Bisht,
  • Pradeep Kumar,
  • Sushil Kumar Singh,
  • Sandeep B. Mundhe,
  • Kirtiraj K. Gaikwad

摘要

The excessive reliance on petroleum-based plastics in food packaging poses significant environmental challenges, necessitating the exploration of sustainable biopolymer alternatives. In this study, bio-composite films were developed using Acanthocereus tetragonus (cactus) mucilage (CM) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with glycerol as a plasticizer via solution casting. The physicochemical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the films were systematically evaluated. Film thickness ranged between 0.157 and 0.179 mm across different CM/HPMC ratios, while color analysis revealed increasing yellowness (b* up to 19.74) with higher CM content. ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed hydrogen bonding interactions between CM and HPMC, supporting matrix compatibility. Mechanical testing showed tensile strength (TS) decreasing from 10.29 MPa in control HPMC films to 2.23 MPa in CM: HPMC (70:30), while elongation at break declined from 38.04% to 3.8%. Water solubility increased significantly with CM incorporation, from 37.79% (control) to 64.37% (CM: HPMC 70:30), demonstrating enhanced hydrophilicity. Contact angle analysis indicated reduced hydrophobicity with CM addition. XRD patterns revealed amorphous structures, while thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed multi-stage degradation with maximum weight losses at 217 °C, 308 °C, and 488 °C, and increasing char residue (up to 10%). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) highlighted improved miscibility at intermediate CM/HPMC ratios. SEM micrographs exhibited smooth and uniform morphologies at low CM content, while higher concentrations led to slight phase separation. Overall, the incorporation of cactus mucilage enhanced water solubility and biodegradability but reduced tensile strength, indicating potential application as biodegradable food packaging films where moderate barrier properties and eco-friendliness are prioritized.