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<p>The study investigated the bioactive profiles and antimicrobial properties of black pepper essential oil (BPEO) and its ability to form encapsulates in a γ-cyclodextrin (GCD) matrix at three selected GCD concentrations (40–50% w/w in aqueous medium), while maintaining the oil concentration at 20% based on GCD weight. GC-MS analysis identified 18 volatile compounds in BPEO, which showed antimicrobial activity against <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium. Confocal microscopy confirmed the dispersion of BPEO in the GCD matrix resulting in a reduction of oil droplet size from 12.31 to 8.52&#xa0;μm. The encapsulation efficiency of GCD was high (&gt; 91±1.8% based on total weight) as supported by DSC data and AFM roughness parameters. Overall, GCD proved to be an effective wall material for producing BPEO encapsulates, making it a promising material for various industrial applications.</p>

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Characterization of black pepper essential oil and its encapsulation in γ-cyclodextrin matrix

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月18日

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  • Jasim Ahmed,
  • Talat Saeed,
  • Mohammed Arshad Reza,
  • Harsha Jacob

摘要

The study investigated the bioactive profiles and antimicrobial properties of black pepper essential oil (BPEO) and its ability to form encapsulates in a γ-cyclodextrin (GCD) matrix at three selected GCD concentrations (40–50% w/w in aqueous medium), while maintaining the oil concentration at 20% based on GCD weight. GC-MS analysis identified 18 volatile compounds in BPEO, which showed antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium. Confocal microscopy confirmed the dispersion of BPEO in the GCD matrix resulting in a reduction of oil droplet size from 12.31 to 8.52 μm. The encapsulation efficiency of GCD was high (> 91±1.8% based on total weight) as supported by DSC data and AFM roughness parameters. Overall, GCD proved to be an effective wall material for producing BPEO encapsulates, making it a promising material for various industrial applications.