A novel approach of designing curcumin trehalose complex as a targeted photosensitizer: Structural insights, thermal, and photophysical properties with antibacterial efficacy for photodynamic treatment
摘要
In this research, a novel complex of curcumin (CUR) and D( +) trehalose dihydrate (TRE) has been developed and abbreviated as CUR-TRE, which could be applied as a photosensitizer in the photodynamic treatment. This complex was prepared using the hydrothermal method and formulated into powder after drying. The complex was confirmed with the structural characterization with 1H and 13C NMR spectra of the complex reveal intensified OCH₃ peaks, signals suggesting hydrogen bonding, and shifts in aromatic and enolic protons, confirming complex formation. This result was supported by the HRMS and FTIR spectra, where the formation of new peaks and peak shifts were observed. The supporting data of FESEM, XRD, and DRS have also confirmed morphological changes with structural integrity, higher thermal stability, and crystallinity effect, respectively, of the CUR-TRE complex. On the other hand, the photoluminescence (PL) analysis showed that the CUR–TRE complex exhibits less emission intensity compared to CUR and TRE alone. This suggests reduced electron–hole recombination, which is better for a photosensitizer activity. Additionally, the photobleaching rate of the complex solution was higher, with CUR-TRE photobleached 2–3 times faster than CUR alone. This further enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, resulting in greater photodynamic efficiency at 100 µM CUR-TRE working solution compared to CUR. Finally, this study provided insights on the successful application of the CUR-TRE complex as a photosensitizer on Escherichia coli (E. coli) with log reductions highlighting the enhanced antibacterial activity of the complex over CUR alone.