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<p>To investigate the influence of extraction technique on the physicochemical properties, nutritional composition, and functional characteristics of lipids from <i>Dunaliella salina</i>, three methods were used: solvent extraction (SE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The results showed that the extraction yields ranged from 15.47% to 18.96%, where SE provided the highest yield (18.96 ± 0.38%), followed by UAE (17.25 ± 0.14%) and MAE (15.47 ± 0.21%). <i>D. salina</i> lipids were identified as a potential source of bioactive compounds, including β-carotene (222.69–249.09&#xa0;mg/g, highest in SE), α-tocopherol (801.90–1242.68&#xa0;mg/kg, highest in MAE), and total phenolics (55.97–63.54&#xa0;mg GAE/g, highest in UAE), indicating its broad application potential in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Among the three methods, lipid extracted <i>via</i> SE showed the strongest antioxidant activity, with the lowest IC₅₀ values against DPPH and ABTS radicals (0.56 and 0.07&#xa0;mg/mL, respectively). MAE demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory activity by downregulating the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and upregulating the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4. By contrast, UAE exhibited significant lipid-lowering effects, including reduced levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alongside increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Therefore, the selection of the extraction method has a significant impact on the physicochemical attributes, nutritional content, and biological activities of <i>D. salina</i> lipids.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Comparison of three different extraction methods for Dunaliella salina lipids: chemical profiling and in vitro biological activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月30日

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  • Hongliang Lv,
  • Wenyan Zheng,
  • Lijuan Zhang,
  • Xi Bai,
  • Yingbo Wang

摘要

To investigate the influence of extraction technique on the physicochemical properties, nutritional composition, and functional characteristics of lipids from Dunaliella salina, three methods were used: solvent extraction (SE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The results showed that the extraction yields ranged from 15.47% to 18.96%, where SE provided the highest yield (18.96 ± 0.38%), followed by UAE (17.25 ± 0.14%) and MAE (15.47 ± 0.21%). D. salina lipids were identified as a potential source of bioactive compounds, including β-carotene (222.69–249.09 mg/g, highest in SE), α-tocopherol (801.90–1242.68 mg/kg, highest in MAE), and total phenolics (55.97–63.54 mg GAE/g, highest in UAE), indicating its broad application potential in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Among the three methods, lipid extracted via SE showed the strongest antioxidant activity, with the lowest IC₅₀ values against DPPH and ABTS radicals (0.56 and 0.07 mg/mL, respectively). MAE demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory activity by downregulating the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and upregulating the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4. By contrast, UAE exhibited significant lipid-lowering effects, including reduced levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alongside increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Therefore, the selection of the extraction method has a significant impact on the physicochemical attributes, nutritional content, and biological activities of D. salina lipids.

Graphical Abstract