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<p>The aim of the current study was to investigate the quality, authenticity, and varietal differences in honey using a combination of advanced spectroscopic, electrochemical, and enzymatic techniques. A total of seven honey varieties from Polish apiaries were analyzed, focusing on physicochemical properties such as electrical conductivity, pH, water content, and enzymatic activity, alongside methods like Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) revealed distinct patterns across honey samples, enabling differentiation between natural honey and synthetic or adulterated products. The study also demonstrated the protective role of phenolic compounds, particularly in darker honey varieties, in preserving enzymatic activity during thermal exposure. These findings highlight the potential of combining traditional and innovative analytical approaches for honey quality control and authenticity verification.</p>

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Spectroscopic, electrochemical and enzymatic methods for assessing honey authenticity and quality

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Tomasz Baran,
  • Michał Latkiewicz

摘要

The aim of the current study was to investigate the quality, authenticity, and varietal differences in honey using a combination of advanced spectroscopic, electrochemical, and enzymatic techniques. A total of seven honey varieties from Polish apiaries were analyzed, focusing on physicochemical properties such as electrical conductivity, pH, water content, and enzymatic activity, alongside methods like Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) revealed distinct patterns across honey samples, enabling differentiation between natural honey and synthetic or adulterated products. The study also demonstrated the protective role of phenolic compounds, particularly in darker honey varieties, in preserving enzymatic activity during thermal exposure. These findings highlight the potential of combining traditional and innovative analytical approaches for honey quality control and authenticity verification.