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<p>This study validates a rapid, catalyst-free colorimetric method for the determination of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in wheat flour, based on the oxidative reaction with 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The assay demonstrated excellent linearity (R² = 0.999) over a concentration range of 1.805–60.0&#xa0;mg/kg. High sensitivity was achieved with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.596&#xa0;mg/kg and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.805&#xa0;mg/kg. The method’s accuracy and precision were confirmed through spike and recovery studies, yielding mean recoveries between 84.8% and 95.9% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 3.71%. The use of ethanol as a green solvent contributed to a high Analytical Greenness (AGREE) score of 0.73. This validated method is a robust, eco-friendly, and cost-effective alternative suitable for the routine screening of BPO in food safety and quality control settings.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Simple and rapid colorimetric method for the determination of benzoyl peroxide in wheat flour

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月23日

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  • Harem Ahmed Ibrahim,
  • Nabil Adil Fakhre

摘要

This study validates a rapid, catalyst-free colorimetric method for the determination of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in wheat flour, based on the oxidative reaction with 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The assay demonstrated excellent linearity (R² = 0.999) over a concentration range of 1.805–60.0 mg/kg. High sensitivity was achieved with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.596 mg/kg and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.805 mg/kg. The method’s accuracy and precision were confirmed through spike and recovery studies, yielding mean recoveries between 84.8% and 95.9% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 3.71%. The use of ethanol as a green solvent contributed to a high Analytical Greenness (AGREE) score of 0.73. This validated method is a robust, eco-friendly, and cost-effective alternative suitable for the routine screening of BPO in food safety and quality control settings.

Graphical Abstract