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<p>Improving the efficiency of essential oil recovery contributes to their sustainable and cost-effective production. This study demonstrates the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in the hydrodistillation of lavender essential oil (LEO) to enhance yield and selectivity. Two DESs, triethanolamine:lactic acid (TEOA:LA) and triethanolamine:oxalic acid (TEOA:OA), were employed for the pretreatment of lavender flowers (LFs) and as cosolvents during LEO hydrodistillation. Compared to conventional hydrodistillation, DES-assisted hydrodistillation increased the LEO yield from 1.80 ± 0.01&#xa0;mL/100&#xa0;g to 2.49 ± 0.05&#xa0;mL/100&#xa0;g and enhanced the contents of linalool and linalyl acetate by 72.7% and 56.5%, respectively. The effects of pretreatment conditions, including the (TEOA:LA):LF ratio, the water:LF ratio, and the pretreatment time, on LEO yield were systematically analyzed, revealing that longer pretreatment time and higher DES loading enhanced hydrodistillation efficiency. The optimal pretreatment conditions for maximizing LEO yield were determined to be: (TEOA:LA):LF ratio of 2:1&#xa0;g/g, a water:LF ratio of 14:1&#xa0;mL/g, and a pretreatment time of 72&#xa0;h. The kinetics of LEO hydrodistillation was modeled using a model of simultaneous washing and diffusion and a model of instantaneous washing followed by diffusion, both of which accurately predicted experimental data (mean relative percentage deviations of ± 2.8% and ± 3.5%, respectively). The washing and diffusion rate constants determined for TEOA:LA-assisted hydrodistillation (0.60 ± 0.01–3.23 ± 0.09&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup> and 0.132 ± 0.006–0.330 ± 0.019&#xa0;min<sup>−1</sup>, respectively) were 2.6–14 and 12–30 times higher than those obtained for conventional hydrodistillation, confirming the accelerating effect of TEOA:LA on the LEO hydrodistillation rate. Thus, DES-assisted hydrodistillation proved to be an effective method for enhancing essential oil recovery and the findings provide valuable insights for process intensification and scale-up.</p>

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Effect of triethanolamine-based deep eutectic solvent pretreatment on the yield, composition, and kinetics of lavender essential oil hydrodistillation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • Biljana S. Đorđević,
  • Milan D. Kostić,
  • Jelena S. Stanojević,
  • Sanja N. Panić,
  • Milica Z. Petković,
  • Marija R. Miladinović,
  • Olivera S. Stamenković

摘要

Improving the efficiency of essential oil recovery contributes to their sustainable and cost-effective production. This study demonstrates the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in the hydrodistillation of lavender essential oil (LEO) to enhance yield and selectivity. Two DESs, triethanolamine:lactic acid (TEOA:LA) and triethanolamine:oxalic acid (TEOA:OA), were employed for the pretreatment of lavender flowers (LFs) and as cosolvents during LEO hydrodistillation. Compared to conventional hydrodistillation, DES-assisted hydrodistillation increased the LEO yield from 1.80 ± 0.01 mL/100 g to 2.49 ± 0.05 mL/100 g and enhanced the contents of linalool and linalyl acetate by 72.7% and 56.5%, respectively. The effects of pretreatment conditions, including the (TEOA:LA):LF ratio, the water:LF ratio, and the pretreatment time, on LEO yield were systematically analyzed, revealing that longer pretreatment time and higher DES loading enhanced hydrodistillation efficiency. The optimal pretreatment conditions for maximizing LEO yield were determined to be: (TEOA:LA):LF ratio of 2:1 g/g, a water:LF ratio of 14:1 mL/g, and a pretreatment time of 72 h. The kinetics of LEO hydrodistillation was modeled using a model of simultaneous washing and diffusion and a model of instantaneous washing followed by diffusion, both of which accurately predicted experimental data (mean relative percentage deviations of ± 2.8% and ± 3.5%, respectively). The washing and diffusion rate constants determined for TEOA:LA-assisted hydrodistillation (0.60 ± 0.01–3.23 ± 0.09 min−1 and 0.132 ± 0.006–0.330 ± 0.019 min−1, respectively) were 2.6–14 and 12–30 times higher than those obtained for conventional hydrodistillation, confirming the accelerating effect of TEOA:LA on the LEO hydrodistillation rate. Thus, DES-assisted hydrodistillation proved to be an effective method for enhancing essential oil recovery and the findings provide valuable insights for process intensification and scale-up.