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<p>Pectin nanoparticles (PNPs), owing to the combined advantages of pectin and nanomaterials, have attracted increasing attention. In the present study, pectin was extracted with an extraction yield of 11%, equivalent weight of 1900&#xa0;g/mol, methoxy content of 40%, and a degree of esterification of 87%. PNPs were prepared using the ionotropic gelation method. The effects of NaCl, three different divalent ions including Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, and Zn²⁺; and three post-treatments namely ultrasonication, microwave radiation, and magnetic stirring were evaluated. The results showed that prepared PNPs using different ions and post-treatments, had particle sizes ranging from 278 to 794&#xa0;nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.10 to 1.00, and zeta potential from − 6.8 to -19.3 mV. The smallest particle size (278&#xa0;nm) was achieved using the stirring method with Mg²⁺ in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the cross-linked PNPs with Mg²⁺ treated via microwave radiation showed the lowest PDI (0.14) and the highest zeta potential (-19.3 mV). This sample was subsequently lyophilized and characterized for assessment of its potential applications for providing of valuable foods.</p>

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Effectiveness of different cross-linked ions, post-treatments and NaCl on characteristics of pectin nanoparticles in colloidal and lyophilized forms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月25日

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  • Saba Babakan,
  • Hoda Jafarizadeh-Malmiri,
  • Nader Rahemi

摘要

Pectin nanoparticles (PNPs), owing to the combined advantages of pectin and nanomaterials, have attracted increasing attention. In the present study, pectin was extracted with an extraction yield of 11%, equivalent weight of 1900 g/mol, methoxy content of 40%, and a degree of esterification of 87%. PNPs were prepared using the ionotropic gelation method. The effects of NaCl, three different divalent ions including Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, and Zn²⁺; and three post-treatments namely ultrasonication, microwave radiation, and magnetic stirring were evaluated. The results showed that prepared PNPs using different ions and post-treatments, had particle sizes ranging from 278 to 794 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.10 to 1.00, and zeta potential from − 6.8 to -19.3 mV. The smallest particle size (278 nm) was achieved using the stirring method with Mg²⁺ in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the cross-linked PNPs with Mg²⁺ treated via microwave radiation showed the lowest PDI (0.14) and the highest zeta potential (-19.3 mV). This sample was subsequently lyophilized and characterized for assessment of its potential applications for providing of valuable foods.