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<p>The aim of this study was to encapsulate hesperidin (HDN) into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) using melt-emulsification ultrasonic method. The formulation was developed and optimized through an orthogonal experimental design. The morphological structure and physicochemical properties of NLCs were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X- X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to characterize the hesperidin nanostructured lipid carrier (HDN-NLC). The results demonstrated that HDN-NLC showed a spherical shape, and hesperidin was encapsulated in NLC with an amorphous state. The particle size of the optimized formulation was 171.40 ± 12.37&#xa0;nm and the encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 95.83 ± 0.18%. The polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of the NLC were ‌0.210 ± 0.017‌ and ‌-25.27 ± 0.31 mV‌, respectively. The antioxidant capacity and stability of hesperidin were enhanced after encapsulation in NLC. The enzyme inhibitory kinetics of HDN-NLC on tyrosinase in vitro was studied and the inhibitory activity was also verified by molecular docking. The results of anti-browning study on fresh-cut apple showed that NLC carrier could improve the antioxidant and anti-browning potential of hesperidin.</p>

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Development of hesperidin loaded nanostructured lipid carriers: improvement of stability, antioxidant activity, and anti-browning effects on fresh-cut apples

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月29日

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  • Jinghui Yang,
  • Mingyi Tian,
  • Qian Wang,
  • Wanxuan Li,
  • Xiangrong Zhang

摘要

The aim of this study was to encapsulate hesperidin (HDN) into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) using melt-emulsification ultrasonic method. The formulation was developed and optimized through an orthogonal experimental design. The morphological structure and physicochemical properties of NLCs were investigated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X- X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to characterize the hesperidin nanostructured lipid carrier (HDN-NLC). The results demonstrated that HDN-NLC showed a spherical shape, and hesperidin was encapsulated in NLC with an amorphous state. The particle size of the optimized formulation was 171.40 ± 12.37 nm and the encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 95.83 ± 0.18%. The polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of the NLC were ‌0.210 ± 0.017‌ and ‌-25.27 ± 0.31 mV‌, respectively. The antioxidant capacity and stability of hesperidin were enhanced after encapsulation in NLC. The enzyme inhibitory kinetics of HDN-NLC on tyrosinase in vitro was studied and the inhibitory activity was also verified by molecular docking. The results of anti-browning study on fresh-cut apple showed that NLC carrier could improve the antioxidant and anti-browning potential of hesperidin.